Retinoic acid induced meiosis initiation in female germline stem cells by remodelling three‐dimensional chromatin structure

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to clarify the regulation and mechanism of meiotic initiation in FGSC development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FGSCs were induced to differentiate into meiosis in differentiation medium. RNA sequencing was performed to analysis the difference of transcription level. High‐through chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi‐C) was performed to analysis changes of three‐dimensional chromatin structure. Chromosome conformation capture further confirmed a spatial chromatin loop. ChIP‐qPCR and dual luciferase reporter were used to test the interaction between Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8) protein and Trip13 promoter. RESULTS: Compared with FGSCs, the average diameter of STRA8‐positive germ cells increased from 13 μm to 16.8 μm. Furthermore, there were 4788 differentially expressed genes between the two cell stages; Meiosis and chromatin structure‐associated terms were significantly enriched. Additionally, Hi‐C results showed that FGSCs underwent A/B compartment switching (switch rate was 29.81%), the number of topologically associating domains (TADs) increasing, the average size of TADs decreasing, and chromatin loop changes at genome region of Trip13 from undifferentiated stage to meiosis‐initiation stage. Furthermore, we validated that Trip13 promoter contacted distal enhancer to form spatial chromatin loop and STRA8 could bind Trip13 promoter to promote gene expression. CONCLUSION: FGSCs underwent chromatin structure remodelling from undifferentiated stage to meiosis‐initiation stage, which facilitated STRA8 binding to Trip13 promoter and promoting its expression.