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Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis
In late December 2019, the first cases of viral pneumonia caused by an unidentified pathogen were reported in China. Two years later, SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for almost 450 million cases, claiming more than 6 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic strained the limits of healthcare systems all acros...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9251468/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35794916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908525 |
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author | Havasi, Andrei Visan, Simona Cainap, Calin Cainap, Simona Sorana Mihaila, Alin Adrian Pop, Laura-Ancuta |
author_facet | Havasi, Andrei Visan, Simona Cainap, Calin Cainap, Simona Sorana Mihaila, Alin Adrian Pop, Laura-Ancuta |
author_sort | Havasi, Andrei |
collection | PubMed |
description | In late December 2019, the first cases of viral pneumonia caused by an unidentified pathogen were reported in China. Two years later, SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for almost 450 million cases, claiming more than 6 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic strained the limits of healthcare systems all across the world. Identifying viral RNA through real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, equipment cost, availability, and the need for trained personnel limited testing capacity. Through an unprecedented research effort, new diagnostic techniques such as rapid diagnostic testing, isothermal amplification techniques, and next-generation sequencing were developed, enabling accurate and accessible diagnosis. Influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal outbreaks infecting up to a quarter of the human population worldwide. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 present with flu-like symptoms, making the differential diagnosis challenging solely on clinical presentation. Healthcare systems are likely to be faced with overlapping SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza outbreaks. This review aims to present the similarities and differences of both infections while focusing on the diagnosis. We discuss the clinical presentation of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and techniques available for diagnosis. Furthermore, we summarize available data regarding the multiplex diagnostic assay of both viral infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9251468 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92514682022-07-05 Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis Havasi, Andrei Visan, Simona Cainap, Calin Cainap, Simona Sorana Mihaila, Alin Adrian Pop, Laura-Ancuta Front Microbiol Microbiology In late December 2019, the first cases of viral pneumonia caused by an unidentified pathogen were reported in China. Two years later, SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for almost 450 million cases, claiming more than 6 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic strained the limits of healthcare systems all across the world. Identifying viral RNA through real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, equipment cost, availability, and the need for trained personnel limited testing capacity. Through an unprecedented research effort, new diagnostic techniques such as rapid diagnostic testing, isothermal amplification techniques, and next-generation sequencing were developed, enabling accurate and accessible diagnosis. Influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal outbreaks infecting up to a quarter of the human population worldwide. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 present with flu-like symptoms, making the differential diagnosis challenging solely on clinical presentation. Healthcare systems are likely to be faced with overlapping SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza outbreaks. This review aims to present the similarities and differences of both infections while focusing on the diagnosis. We discuss the clinical presentation of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and techniques available for diagnosis. Furthermore, we summarize available data regarding the multiplex diagnostic assay of both viral infections. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9251468/ /pubmed/35794916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908525 Text en Copyright © 2022 Havasi, Visan, Cainap, Cainap, Mihaila and Pop. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Havasi, Andrei Visan, Simona Cainap, Calin Cainap, Simona Sorana Mihaila, Alin Adrian Pop, Laura-Ancuta Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
title | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
title_full | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
title_fullStr | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
title_short | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
title_sort | influenza a, influenza b, and sars-cov-2 similarities and differences – a focus on diagnosis |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9251468/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35794916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908525 |
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