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Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis

In late December 2019, the first cases of viral pneumonia caused by an unidentified pathogen were reported in China. Two years later, SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for almost 450 million cases, claiming more than 6 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic strained the limits of healthcare systems all acros...

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Autores principales: Havasi, Andrei, Visan, Simona, Cainap, Calin, Cainap, Simona Sorana, Mihaila, Alin Adrian, Pop, Laura-Ancuta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9251468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35794916
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908525
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author Havasi, Andrei
Visan, Simona
Cainap, Calin
Cainap, Simona Sorana
Mihaila, Alin Adrian
Pop, Laura-Ancuta
author_facet Havasi, Andrei
Visan, Simona
Cainap, Calin
Cainap, Simona Sorana
Mihaila, Alin Adrian
Pop, Laura-Ancuta
author_sort Havasi, Andrei
collection PubMed
description In late December 2019, the first cases of viral pneumonia caused by an unidentified pathogen were reported in China. Two years later, SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for almost 450 million cases, claiming more than 6 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic strained the limits of healthcare systems all across the world. Identifying viral RNA through real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, equipment cost, availability, and the need for trained personnel limited testing capacity. Through an unprecedented research effort, new diagnostic techniques such as rapid diagnostic testing, isothermal amplification techniques, and next-generation sequencing were developed, enabling accurate and accessible diagnosis. Influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal outbreaks infecting up to a quarter of the human population worldwide. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 present with flu-like symptoms, making the differential diagnosis challenging solely on clinical presentation. Healthcare systems are likely to be faced with overlapping SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza outbreaks. This review aims to present the similarities and differences of both infections while focusing on the diagnosis. We discuss the clinical presentation of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and techniques available for diagnosis. Furthermore, we summarize available data regarding the multiplex diagnostic assay of both viral infections.
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spelling pubmed-92514682022-07-05 Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis Havasi, Andrei Visan, Simona Cainap, Calin Cainap, Simona Sorana Mihaila, Alin Adrian Pop, Laura-Ancuta Front Microbiol Microbiology In late December 2019, the first cases of viral pneumonia caused by an unidentified pathogen were reported in China. Two years later, SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for almost 450 million cases, claiming more than 6 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic strained the limits of healthcare systems all across the world. Identifying viral RNA through real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, equipment cost, availability, and the need for trained personnel limited testing capacity. Through an unprecedented research effort, new diagnostic techniques such as rapid diagnostic testing, isothermal amplification techniques, and next-generation sequencing were developed, enabling accurate and accessible diagnosis. Influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal outbreaks infecting up to a quarter of the human population worldwide. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 present with flu-like symptoms, making the differential diagnosis challenging solely on clinical presentation. Healthcare systems are likely to be faced with overlapping SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza outbreaks. This review aims to present the similarities and differences of both infections while focusing on the diagnosis. We discuss the clinical presentation of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and techniques available for diagnosis. Furthermore, we summarize available data regarding the multiplex diagnostic assay of both viral infections. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9251468/ /pubmed/35794916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908525 Text en Copyright © 2022 Havasi, Visan, Cainap, Cainap, Mihaila and Pop. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Havasi, Andrei
Visan, Simona
Cainap, Calin
Cainap, Simona Sorana
Mihaila, Alin Adrian
Pop, Laura-Ancuta
Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis
title Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis
title_full Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis
title_fullStr Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis
title_full_unstemmed Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis
title_short Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis
title_sort influenza a, influenza b, and sars-cov-2 similarities and differences – a focus on diagnosis
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9251468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35794916
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908525
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