Isolation and extraction of some compounds that act as antimicrobials from actinomycetes

Some types of actinomycetes produce many different secondary metabolites of fatty acids, hydrocarbons, or other compounds. Many of these products play an important role in various medical fields. This study aims to extract natural compounds from actinomycetes after their isolation from the soil and their identification as antimicrobials. Soil samples were collected from different regions after being treated by known methods. Colonies that indicate actinomycetes were replanted and provided with suitable conditions for growth, and then tested against a number of pathogenic microbes. Isolate 3-D is more effective than others. D-3 was exposed to ultraviolet rays for greater production of antimicrobials. The compounds obtained from the isolates were extracted by the column chromatography technique. To identify the compounds resulting from the extract, the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) technique was used. Ten compounds have been identified by GC–MS. Some of the compounds are of fatty acid nature, and some are hydrocarbons. These compound includes Hexadecane, 2,6,11,15- Tetramethyl – Octacosane - Dodecanoic Acid, 1,2,3- Propane-triyl ester – Hexatriacontane – Heptacosane - Eicosyl Acetate – Tritetracontane - Tetracosane, 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl - Myristic Acid vinyl ester – Tetratetracontane. All of these extracts are of medical importance. Some of them are anti-bacterial, some are anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, antioxidants, and some of them are essential ingredients in cosmetics. The current study showed that isolated D-3 actinomycetes from soil have the ability to produce antimicrobials against a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, which are important in the medical field.