Cargando…
Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells
BACKGROUND: Traffic particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of particles from fuel combustion and wear of road pavement, tires and brakes. In countries with low winter temperatures the relative contribution of mineral-rich PM from road abrasion may be especially high due to use of studded tires...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9251916/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35787286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00488-5 |
_version_ | 1784740140089868288 |
---|---|
author | Skuland, Tonje Grytting, Vegard Sæter Låg, Marit Jørgensen, Rikke Bræmming Snilsberg, Brynhild Leseman, Daan L. A. C. Kubátová, Alena Emond, Jessica Cassee, Flemming R. Holme, Jørn A. Øvrevik, Johan Refsnes, Magne |
author_facet | Skuland, Tonje Grytting, Vegard Sæter Låg, Marit Jørgensen, Rikke Bræmming Snilsberg, Brynhild Leseman, Daan L. A. C. Kubátová, Alena Emond, Jessica Cassee, Flemming R. Holme, Jørn A. Øvrevik, Johan Refsnes, Magne |
author_sort | Skuland, Tonje |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Traffic particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of particles from fuel combustion and wear of road pavement, tires and brakes. In countries with low winter temperatures the relative contribution of mineral-rich PM from road abrasion may be especially high due to use of studded tires during winter season. The aim of the present study was to sample and characterize size-fractioned PM from two road tunnels paved with different stone materials in the asphalt, and to compare the pro-inflammatory potential of these fractions in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) in relation to physicochemical characteristics. METHODS: The road tunnel PM was collected with a vacuum pump and a high-volume cascade impactor sampler. PM was sampled during winter, both during humid and dry road surface conditions, and before and after cleaning the tunnels. Samples were analysed for hydrodynamic size distribution, content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and endotoxin, and the capacity for acellular generation of reactive oxygen species. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses were assessed in HBEC3-KT cells after exposure to coarse (2.5–10 μm), fine (0.18–2.5 μm) and ultrafine PM (≤ 0.18 μm), as well as particles from the respective stone materials used in the pavement. RESULTS: The pro-inflammatory potency of the PM samples varied between road tunnels and size fractions, but showed more marked responses than for the stone materials used in asphalt of the respective tunnels. In particular, fine samples showed significant increases as low as 25 µg/mL (2.6 µg/cm(2)) and were more potent than coarse samples, while ultrafine samples showed more variable responses between tunnels, sampling conditions and endpoints. The most marked responses were observed for fine PM sampled during humid road surface conditions. Linear correlation analysis showed that particle-induced cytokine responses were correlated to OC levels, while no correlations were observed for other PM characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The pro-inflammatory potential of fine road tunnel PM sampled during winter season was high compared to coarse PM. The differences between the PM-induced cytokine responses were not related to stone materials in the asphalt. However, the ratio of OC to total PM mass was associated with the pro-inflammatory potential. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00488-5. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9251916 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92519162022-07-05 Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells Skuland, Tonje Grytting, Vegard Sæter Låg, Marit Jørgensen, Rikke Bræmming Snilsberg, Brynhild Leseman, Daan L. A. C. Kubátová, Alena Emond, Jessica Cassee, Flemming R. Holme, Jørn A. Øvrevik, Johan Refsnes, Magne Part Fibre Toxicol Research BACKGROUND: Traffic particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of particles from fuel combustion and wear of road pavement, tires and brakes. In countries with low winter temperatures the relative contribution of mineral-rich PM from road abrasion may be especially high due to use of studded tires during winter season. The aim of the present study was to sample and characterize size-fractioned PM from two road tunnels paved with different stone materials in the asphalt, and to compare the pro-inflammatory potential of these fractions in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) in relation to physicochemical characteristics. METHODS: The road tunnel PM was collected with a vacuum pump and a high-volume cascade impactor sampler. PM was sampled during winter, both during humid and dry road surface conditions, and before and after cleaning the tunnels. Samples were analysed for hydrodynamic size distribution, content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and endotoxin, and the capacity for acellular generation of reactive oxygen species. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses were assessed in HBEC3-KT cells after exposure to coarse (2.5–10 μm), fine (0.18–2.5 μm) and ultrafine PM (≤ 0.18 μm), as well as particles from the respective stone materials used in the pavement. RESULTS: The pro-inflammatory potency of the PM samples varied between road tunnels and size fractions, but showed more marked responses than for the stone materials used in asphalt of the respective tunnels. In particular, fine samples showed significant increases as low as 25 µg/mL (2.6 µg/cm(2)) and were more potent than coarse samples, while ultrafine samples showed more variable responses between tunnels, sampling conditions and endpoints. The most marked responses were observed for fine PM sampled during humid road surface conditions. Linear correlation analysis showed that particle-induced cytokine responses were correlated to OC levels, while no correlations were observed for other PM characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The pro-inflammatory potential of fine road tunnel PM sampled during winter season was high compared to coarse PM. The differences between the PM-induced cytokine responses were not related to stone materials in the asphalt. However, the ratio of OC to total PM mass was associated with the pro-inflammatory potential. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00488-5. BioMed Central 2022-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9251916/ /pubmed/35787286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00488-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Skuland, Tonje Grytting, Vegard Sæter Låg, Marit Jørgensen, Rikke Bræmming Snilsberg, Brynhild Leseman, Daan L. A. C. Kubátová, Alena Emond, Jessica Cassee, Flemming R. Holme, Jørn A. Øvrevik, Johan Refsnes, Magne Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells |
title | Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells |
title_full | Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells |
title_fullStr | Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells |
title_short | Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells |
title_sort | road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9251916/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35787286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00488-5 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT skulandtonje roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT gryttingvegardsæter roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT lagmarit roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT jørgensenrikkebræmming roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT snilsbergbrynhild roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT lesemandaanlac roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT kubatovaalena roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT emondjessica roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT casseeflemmingr roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT holmejørna roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT øvrevikjohan roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells AT refsnesmagne roadtunnelderivedcoarsefineandultrafineparticulatematterphysicalandchemicalcharacterizationandproinflammatoryresponsesinhumanbronchialepithelialcells |