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A Histochemical Analysis of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Olfactory Epithelium, a Study Based on an Autopsy Case of Juvenile Alzheimer’s Disease

The pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) begin 10–20 years before clinical onset, and it is therefore desirable to identify effective methods for early diagnosis. The nasal mucosa is a target tissue for measuring AD-related biomarkers because the olfactory nerve is the only cranial nerve...

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Autores principales: Shimizu, Shino, Tojima, Ichiro, Nakamura, Keigo, Kouzaki, Hideaki, Kanesaka, Takeshi, Ogawa, Norihiro, Hashizume, Yoshio, Akatsu, Hiroyasu, Hori, Akira, Tooyama, Ikuo, Shimizu, Takeshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: JAPAN SOCIETY OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9253500/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35821750
http://dx.doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00048
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author Shimizu, Shino
Tojima, Ichiro
Nakamura, Keigo
Kouzaki, Hideaki
Kanesaka, Takeshi
Ogawa, Norihiro
Hashizume, Yoshio
Akatsu, Hiroyasu
Hori, Akira
Tooyama, Ikuo
Shimizu, Takeshi
author_facet Shimizu, Shino
Tojima, Ichiro
Nakamura, Keigo
Kouzaki, Hideaki
Kanesaka, Takeshi
Ogawa, Norihiro
Hashizume, Yoshio
Akatsu, Hiroyasu
Hori, Akira
Tooyama, Ikuo
Shimizu, Takeshi
author_sort Shimizu, Shino
collection PubMed
description The pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) begin 10–20 years before clinical onset, and it is therefore desirable to identify effective methods for early diagnosis. The nasal mucosa is a target tissue for measuring AD-related biomarkers because the olfactory nerve is the only cranial nerve that is exposed to the external environment. We describe an autopsy case of rapidly advanced juvenile AD (JAD), focusing on the olfactory system. The formation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and neuropil threads was examined in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and olfactory and respiratory epithelia in the bilateral olfactory clefts. Neurodegenerative changes in the olfactory and respiratory epithelia and the pathological deposition of amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau were also examined. As a result, senile plaques, NFTs, and neuropil threads were found in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. NFTs were also found in the olfactory epithelium. Degenerated olfactory cells and their axons stained positive for phosphorylated tau. Supporting cells in the degenerated olfactory epithelium stained positive for Aβ42. In conclusion, pathological biomarkers of AD were expressed in the degenerated olfactory epithelium of this JAD patient. This observation suggests that nasal samples may be useful for the diagnosis of AD.
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spelling pubmed-92535002022-07-11 A Histochemical Analysis of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Olfactory Epithelium, a Study Based on an Autopsy Case of Juvenile Alzheimer’s Disease Shimizu, Shino Tojima, Ichiro Nakamura, Keigo Kouzaki, Hideaki Kanesaka, Takeshi Ogawa, Norihiro Hashizume, Yoshio Akatsu, Hiroyasu Hori, Akira Tooyama, Ikuo Shimizu, Takeshi Acta Histochem Cytochem Regular Article The pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) begin 10–20 years before clinical onset, and it is therefore desirable to identify effective methods for early diagnosis. The nasal mucosa is a target tissue for measuring AD-related biomarkers because the olfactory nerve is the only cranial nerve that is exposed to the external environment. We describe an autopsy case of rapidly advanced juvenile AD (JAD), focusing on the olfactory system. The formation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and neuropil threads was examined in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and olfactory and respiratory epithelia in the bilateral olfactory clefts. Neurodegenerative changes in the olfactory and respiratory epithelia and the pathological deposition of amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau were also examined. As a result, senile plaques, NFTs, and neuropil threads were found in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. NFTs were also found in the olfactory epithelium. Degenerated olfactory cells and their axons stained positive for phosphorylated tau. Supporting cells in the degenerated olfactory epithelium stained positive for Aβ42. In conclusion, pathological biomarkers of AD were expressed in the degenerated olfactory epithelium of this JAD patient. This observation suggests that nasal samples may be useful for the diagnosis of AD. JAPAN SOCIETY OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY 2022-06-29 2022-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9253500/ /pubmed/35821750 http://dx.doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00048 Text en 2022 The Japan Society of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC), which permits use, distribution and reproduction of the articles in any medium provided that the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Regular Article
Shimizu, Shino
Tojima, Ichiro
Nakamura, Keigo
Kouzaki, Hideaki
Kanesaka, Takeshi
Ogawa, Norihiro
Hashizume, Yoshio
Akatsu, Hiroyasu
Hori, Akira
Tooyama, Ikuo
Shimizu, Takeshi
A Histochemical Analysis of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Olfactory Epithelium, a Study Based on an Autopsy Case of Juvenile Alzheimer’s Disease
title A Histochemical Analysis of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Olfactory Epithelium, a Study Based on an Autopsy Case of Juvenile Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full A Histochemical Analysis of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Olfactory Epithelium, a Study Based on an Autopsy Case of Juvenile Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr A Histochemical Analysis of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Olfactory Epithelium, a Study Based on an Autopsy Case of Juvenile Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed A Histochemical Analysis of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Olfactory Epithelium, a Study Based on an Autopsy Case of Juvenile Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short A Histochemical Analysis of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Olfactory Epithelium, a Study Based on an Autopsy Case of Juvenile Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort histochemical analysis of neurofibrillary tangles in olfactory epithelium, a study based on an autopsy case of juvenile alzheimer’s disease
topic Regular Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9253500/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35821750
http://dx.doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00048
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