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Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis
The transcriptional regulation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise for their directed differentiation into ameloblasts, which are usually lost after tooth eruption. Ameloblast differentiation is regulated by multiple signaling molecules, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9253510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35800329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.890882 |
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author | Miao, Xinchao Niibe, Kunimichi Fu, Yunyu Zhang, Maolin Nattasit, Praphawi Ohori-Morita, Yumi Nakamura, Takashi Jiang, Xinquan Egusa, Hiroshi |
author_facet | Miao, Xinchao Niibe, Kunimichi Fu, Yunyu Zhang, Maolin Nattasit, Praphawi Ohori-Morita, Yumi Nakamura, Takashi Jiang, Xinquan Egusa, Hiroshi |
author_sort | Miao, Xinchao |
collection | PubMed |
description | The transcriptional regulation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise for their directed differentiation into ameloblasts, which are usually lost after tooth eruption. Ameloblast differentiation is regulated by multiple signaling molecules, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Epiprofin (Epfn), a transcription factor, is expressed in the dental epithelium, and epithelial Epfn overexpression results in ectopic ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation in mouse incisor, a striking phenotype resembling that of mice with deletion of follistatin (a BMP inhibitor). However, it remains unknown whether and how Epfn transcriptional activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse iPSCs. Here, we generated doxycycline-inducible Epfn-expressing mouse iPSCs (Epfn-iPSCs). Ameloblasts, which are characterized by positive staining for keratin 14 and amelogenin and alizarin red S staining, were successfully derived from Epfn-iPSCs based on a stage-specific induction protocol, which involved the induction of the surface ectoderm, dental epithelial cells, and ameloblasts at stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Epfn activation by doxycycline at stages 2 and/or 3 decreased cell proliferation and promoted ameloblast differentiation, along with the upregulation of p-Smad1/5/8, a key regulator of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway. Gene analysis of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway-associated molecules revealed that Epfn activation decreased follistatin expression at stage 2, but increased BMP2/4/7 expression at stage 3. Perturbations in the ameloblast differentiation process were observed when the BMP-Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by a BMP receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189). Simultaneous LDN-193189 treatment and Epfn activation largely reversed the perturbations in ameloblast induction, with partial recovery of p-Smad1/5/8 expression, suggesting that Epfn activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse iPSCs partially by upregulating BMP-Smad activity. These results reveal the potential regulatory networks between Epfn and the BMP-Smad pathway and suggest that Epfn is a promising target for inducing the differentiation of ameloblasts, which can be used in enamel and tooth regeneration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9253510 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92535102022-07-06 Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis Miao, Xinchao Niibe, Kunimichi Fu, Yunyu Zhang, Maolin Nattasit, Praphawi Ohori-Morita, Yumi Nakamura, Takashi Jiang, Xinquan Egusa, Hiroshi Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology The transcriptional regulation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise for their directed differentiation into ameloblasts, which are usually lost after tooth eruption. Ameloblast differentiation is regulated by multiple signaling molecules, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Epiprofin (Epfn), a transcription factor, is expressed in the dental epithelium, and epithelial Epfn overexpression results in ectopic ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation in mouse incisor, a striking phenotype resembling that of mice with deletion of follistatin (a BMP inhibitor). However, it remains unknown whether and how Epfn transcriptional activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse iPSCs. Here, we generated doxycycline-inducible Epfn-expressing mouse iPSCs (Epfn-iPSCs). Ameloblasts, which are characterized by positive staining for keratin 14 and amelogenin and alizarin red S staining, were successfully derived from Epfn-iPSCs based on a stage-specific induction protocol, which involved the induction of the surface ectoderm, dental epithelial cells, and ameloblasts at stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Epfn activation by doxycycline at stages 2 and/or 3 decreased cell proliferation and promoted ameloblast differentiation, along with the upregulation of p-Smad1/5/8, a key regulator of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway. Gene analysis of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway-associated molecules revealed that Epfn activation decreased follistatin expression at stage 2, but increased BMP2/4/7 expression at stage 3. Perturbations in the ameloblast differentiation process were observed when the BMP-Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by a BMP receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189). Simultaneous LDN-193189 treatment and Epfn activation largely reversed the perturbations in ameloblast induction, with partial recovery of p-Smad1/5/8 expression, suggesting that Epfn activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse iPSCs partially by upregulating BMP-Smad activity. These results reveal the potential regulatory networks between Epfn and the BMP-Smad pathway and suggest that Epfn is a promising target for inducing the differentiation of ameloblasts, which can be used in enamel and tooth regeneration. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9253510/ /pubmed/35800329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.890882 Text en Copyright © 2022 Miao, Niibe, Fu, Zhang, Nattasit, Ohori-Morita, Nakamura, Jiang and Egusa. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Bioengineering and Biotechnology Miao, Xinchao Niibe, Kunimichi Fu, Yunyu Zhang, Maolin Nattasit, Praphawi Ohori-Morita, Yumi Nakamura, Takashi Jiang, Xinquan Egusa, Hiroshi Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis |
title | Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis |
title_full | Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis |
title_fullStr | Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis |
title_full_unstemmed | Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis |
title_short | Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis |
title_sort | epiprofin transcriptional activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells via the bmp-smad signaling axis |
topic | Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9253510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35800329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.890882 |
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