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Access to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: results from a nationwide cohort study (UK-REACH)
BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE) reduces this risk. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of self-reported access to appropriate PPE (aPPE) for HCWs in the UK during the COVID-19 pandem...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255515/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35790970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08202-z |
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author | Martin, Christopher A. Pan, Daniel Nazareth, Joshua Aujayeb, Avinash Bryant, Luke Carr, Sue Gray, Laura J. Gregary, Bindu Gupta, Amit Guyatt, Anna L. Gopal, Alan Hine, Thomas John, Catherine McManus, I Chris Melbourne, Carl Nellums, Laura B. Reza, Rubina Simpson, Sandra Tobin, Martin D. Woolf, Katherine Zingwe, Stephen Khunti, Kamlesh Pareek, Manish |
author_facet | Martin, Christopher A. Pan, Daniel Nazareth, Joshua Aujayeb, Avinash Bryant, Luke Carr, Sue Gray, Laura J. Gregary, Bindu Gupta, Amit Guyatt, Anna L. Gopal, Alan Hine, Thomas John, Catherine McManus, I Chris Melbourne, Carl Nellums, Laura B. Reza, Rubina Simpson, Sandra Tobin, Martin D. Woolf, Katherine Zingwe, Stephen Khunti, Kamlesh Pareek, Manish |
author_sort | Martin, Christopher A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE) reduces this risk. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of self-reported access to appropriate PPE (aPPE) for HCWs in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We conducted cross sectional analyses using data from a nationwide questionnaire-based cohort study administered between December 2020-February 2021. The outcome was a binary measure of self-reported aPPE (access all of the time vs access most of the time or less frequently) at two timepoints: the first national lockdown in the UK in March 2020 (primary analysis) and at the time of questionnaire response (secondary analysis). RESULTS: Ten thousand five hundred eight HCWs were included in the primary analysis, and 12,252 in the secondary analysis. 35.2% of HCWs reported aPPE at all times in the primary analysis; 83.9% reported aPPE at all times in the secondary analysis. In the primary analysis, after adjustment (for age, sex, ethnicity, migration status, occupation, aerosol generating procedure exposure, work sector and region, working hours, night shift frequency and trust in employing organisation), older HCWs and those working in Intensive Care Units were more likely to report aPPE at all times. Asian HCWs (aOR:0.77, 95%CI 0.67–0.89 [vs White]), those in allied health professional and dental roles (vs those in medical roles), and those who saw a higher number of COVID-19 patients compared to those who saw none (≥ 21 patients/week 0.74, 0.61–0.90) were less likely to report aPPE at all times. Those who trusted their employing organisation to deal with concerns about unsafe clinical practice, compared to those who did not, were twice as likely to report aPPE at all times. Significant predictors were largely unchanged in the secondary analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Only a third of HCWs in the UK reported aPPE at all times during the first lockdown and that aPPE had improved later in the pandemic. We also identified key determinants of aPPE during the first UK lockdown, which have mostly persisted since lockdown was eased. These findings have important implications for the safe delivery of healthcare during the pandemic. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08202-z. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9255515 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92555152022-07-06 Access to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: results from a nationwide cohort study (UK-REACH) Martin, Christopher A. Pan, Daniel Nazareth, Joshua Aujayeb, Avinash Bryant, Luke Carr, Sue Gray, Laura J. Gregary, Bindu Gupta, Amit Guyatt, Anna L. Gopal, Alan Hine, Thomas John, Catherine McManus, I Chris Melbourne, Carl Nellums, Laura B. Reza, Rubina Simpson, Sandra Tobin, Martin D. Woolf, Katherine Zingwe, Stephen Khunti, Kamlesh Pareek, Manish BMC Health Serv Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE) reduces this risk. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of self-reported access to appropriate PPE (aPPE) for HCWs in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We conducted cross sectional analyses using data from a nationwide questionnaire-based cohort study administered between December 2020-February 2021. The outcome was a binary measure of self-reported aPPE (access all of the time vs access most of the time or less frequently) at two timepoints: the first national lockdown in the UK in March 2020 (primary analysis) and at the time of questionnaire response (secondary analysis). RESULTS: Ten thousand five hundred eight HCWs were included in the primary analysis, and 12,252 in the secondary analysis. 35.2% of HCWs reported aPPE at all times in the primary analysis; 83.9% reported aPPE at all times in the secondary analysis. In the primary analysis, after adjustment (for age, sex, ethnicity, migration status, occupation, aerosol generating procedure exposure, work sector and region, working hours, night shift frequency and trust in employing organisation), older HCWs and those working in Intensive Care Units were more likely to report aPPE at all times. Asian HCWs (aOR:0.77, 95%CI 0.67–0.89 [vs White]), those in allied health professional and dental roles (vs those in medical roles), and those who saw a higher number of COVID-19 patients compared to those who saw none (≥ 21 patients/week 0.74, 0.61–0.90) were less likely to report aPPE at all times. Those who trusted their employing organisation to deal with concerns about unsafe clinical practice, compared to those who did not, were twice as likely to report aPPE at all times. Significant predictors were largely unchanged in the secondary analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Only a third of HCWs in the UK reported aPPE at all times during the first lockdown and that aPPE had improved later in the pandemic. We also identified key determinants of aPPE during the first UK lockdown, which have mostly persisted since lockdown was eased. These findings have important implications for the safe delivery of healthcare during the pandemic. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08202-z. BioMed Central 2022-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9255515/ /pubmed/35790970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08202-z Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Martin, Christopher A. Pan, Daniel Nazareth, Joshua Aujayeb, Avinash Bryant, Luke Carr, Sue Gray, Laura J. Gregary, Bindu Gupta, Amit Guyatt, Anna L. Gopal, Alan Hine, Thomas John, Catherine McManus, I Chris Melbourne, Carl Nellums, Laura B. Reza, Rubina Simpson, Sandra Tobin, Martin D. Woolf, Katherine Zingwe, Stephen Khunti, Kamlesh Pareek, Manish Access to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: results from a nationwide cohort study (UK-REACH) |
title | Access to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: results from a nationwide cohort study (UK-REACH) |
title_full | Access to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: results from a nationwide cohort study (UK-REACH) |
title_fullStr | Access to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: results from a nationwide cohort study (UK-REACH) |
title_full_unstemmed | Access to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: results from a nationwide cohort study (UK-REACH) |
title_short | Access to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: results from a nationwide cohort study (UK-REACH) |
title_sort | access to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers during the covid-19 pandemic in the united kingdom: results from a nationwide cohort study (uk-reach) |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255515/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35790970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08202-z |
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