Cargando…

A weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making

When we plan for long-range goals, proximal information cannot be exploited in a blindly myopic way, as relevant future information must also be considered. But when a subgoal must be resolved first, irrelevant future information should not interfere with the processing of more proximal, subgoal-rel...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Li, Yuxuan, McClelland, James L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35709299
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009553
_version_ 1784740987584643072
author Li, Yuxuan
McClelland, James L.
author_facet Li, Yuxuan
McClelland, James L.
author_sort Li, Yuxuan
collection PubMed
description When we plan for long-range goals, proximal information cannot be exploited in a blindly myopic way, as relevant future information must also be considered. But when a subgoal must be resolved first, irrelevant future information should not interfere with the processing of more proximal, subgoal-relevant information. We explore the idea that decision making in both situations relies on the flexible modulation of the degree to which different pieces of information under consideration are weighted, rather than explicitly decomposing a problem into smaller parts and solving each part independently. We asked participants to find the shortest goal-reaching paths in mazes and modeled their initial path choices as a noisy, weighted information integration process. In a base task where choosing the optimal initial path required weighting starting-point and goal-proximal factors equally, participants did take both constraints into account, with participants who made more accurate choices tending to exhibit more balanced weighting. The base task was then embedded as an initial subtask in a larger maze, where the same two factors constrained the optimal path to a subgoal, and the final goal position was irrelevant to the initial path choice. In this more complex task, participants’ choices reflected predominant consideration of the subgoal-relevant constraints, but also some influence of the initially-irrelevant final goal. More accurate participants placed much less weight on the optimality-irrelevant goal and again tended to weight the two initially-relevant constraints more equally. These findings suggest that humans may rely on a graded, task-sensitive weighting of multiple constraints to generate approximately optimal decision outcomes in both hierarchical and non-hierarchical goal-directed tasks.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9255770
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-92557702022-07-06 A weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making Li, Yuxuan McClelland, James L. PLoS Comput Biol Research Article When we plan for long-range goals, proximal information cannot be exploited in a blindly myopic way, as relevant future information must also be considered. But when a subgoal must be resolved first, irrelevant future information should not interfere with the processing of more proximal, subgoal-relevant information. We explore the idea that decision making in both situations relies on the flexible modulation of the degree to which different pieces of information under consideration are weighted, rather than explicitly decomposing a problem into smaller parts and solving each part independently. We asked participants to find the shortest goal-reaching paths in mazes and modeled their initial path choices as a noisy, weighted information integration process. In a base task where choosing the optimal initial path required weighting starting-point and goal-proximal factors equally, participants did take both constraints into account, with participants who made more accurate choices tending to exhibit more balanced weighting. The base task was then embedded as an initial subtask in a larger maze, where the same two factors constrained the optimal path to a subgoal, and the final goal position was irrelevant to the initial path choice. In this more complex task, participants’ choices reflected predominant consideration of the subgoal-relevant constraints, but also some influence of the initially-irrelevant final goal. More accurate participants placed much less weight on the optimality-irrelevant goal and again tended to weight the two initially-relevant constraints more equally. These findings suggest that humans may rely on a graded, task-sensitive weighting of multiple constraints to generate approximately optimal decision outcomes in both hierarchical and non-hierarchical goal-directed tasks. Public Library of Science 2022-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9255770/ /pubmed/35709299 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009553 Text en © 2022 Li, McClelland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Li, Yuxuan
McClelland, James L.
A weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making
title A weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making
title_full A weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making
title_fullStr A weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making
title_full_unstemmed A weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making
title_short A weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making
title_sort weighted constraint satisfaction approach to human goal-directed decision making
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35709299
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009553
work_keys_str_mv AT liyuxuan aweightedconstraintsatisfactionapproachtohumangoaldirecteddecisionmaking
AT mcclellandjamesl aweightedconstraintsatisfactionapproachtohumangoaldirecteddecisionmaking
AT liyuxuan weightedconstraintsatisfactionapproachtohumangoaldirecteddecisionmaking
AT mcclellandjamesl weightedconstraintsatisfactionapproachtohumangoaldirecteddecisionmaking