Cargando…
How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys
The largest outputs of rare earth mining are the low-value byproducts cerium and lanthanum, which burden rare earth supply chains because they must be separated from more desirable rare earths used in magnet production. Promoting demand for cerium and lanthanum can potentially diversify the economic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255836/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37520841 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00562-4 |
_version_ | 1784741004390170624 |
---|---|
author | Sims, Zachary C. Kesler, Michael S. Henderson, Hunter B. Castillo, Emilio Fishman, Tomer Weiss, David Singleton, Prentice Eggert, Roderick McCall, Scott K. Rios, Orlando |
author_facet | Sims, Zachary C. Kesler, Michael S. Henderson, Hunter B. Castillo, Emilio Fishman, Tomer Weiss, David Singleton, Prentice Eggert, Roderick McCall, Scott K. Rios, Orlando |
author_sort | Sims, Zachary C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The largest outputs of rare earth mining are the low-value byproducts cerium and lanthanum, which burden rare earth supply chains because they must be separated from more desirable rare earths used in magnet production. Promoting demand for cerium and lanthanum can potentially diversify the economics of rare earth mining and improve supply chain stability for all rare earth elements. A promising avenue for increasing byproduct rare earth element demand is their use in aluminum alloys; an application for cerium and lanthanum offering multiple benefits to manufacturing such as energy reduction and improved throughput. Experimental materials science and economic implications of Al-rare earth element alloys will be discussed. We show that Al–La/Ce alloys have elevated mechanical strength compared to more traditional aluminum alloys, in some formulations can be used without heat treatment, and possess a highly castable eutectic microstructure. This report presents the use of cerium and lanthanum in aluminum alloys as an example of how supply chain focused approaches to technological development can benefit stakeholders at every step in production. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9255836 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92558362022-07-06 How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys Sims, Zachary C. Kesler, Michael S. Henderson, Hunter B. Castillo, Emilio Fishman, Tomer Weiss, David Singleton, Prentice Eggert, Roderick McCall, Scott K. Rios, Orlando J. Sustain. Metall. Research Article The largest outputs of rare earth mining are the low-value byproducts cerium and lanthanum, which burden rare earth supply chains because they must be separated from more desirable rare earths used in magnet production. Promoting demand for cerium and lanthanum can potentially diversify the economics of rare earth mining and improve supply chain stability for all rare earth elements. A promising avenue for increasing byproduct rare earth element demand is their use in aluminum alloys; an application for cerium and lanthanum offering multiple benefits to manufacturing such as energy reduction and improved throughput. Experimental materials science and economic implications of Al-rare earth element alloys will be discussed. We show that Al–La/Ce alloys have elevated mechanical strength compared to more traditional aluminum alloys, in some formulations can be used without heat treatment, and possess a highly castable eutectic microstructure. This report presents the use of cerium and lanthanum in aluminum alloys as an example of how supply chain focused approaches to technological development can benefit stakeholders at every step in production. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] Springer International Publishing 2022-07-05 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9255836/ /pubmed/37520841 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00562-4 Text en © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2022 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Sims, Zachary C. Kesler, Michael S. Henderson, Hunter B. Castillo, Emilio Fishman, Tomer Weiss, David Singleton, Prentice Eggert, Roderick McCall, Scott K. Rios, Orlando How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys |
title | How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys |
title_full | How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys |
title_fullStr | How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys |
title_full_unstemmed | How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys |
title_short | How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys |
title_sort | how cerium and lanthanum as coproducts promote stable rare earth production and new alloys |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255836/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37520841 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00562-4 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT simszacharyc howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys AT keslermichaels howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys AT hendersonhunterb howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys AT castilloemilio howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys AT fishmantomer howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys AT weissdavid howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys AT singletonprentice howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys AT eggertroderick howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys AT mccallscottk howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys AT riosorlando howceriumandlanthanumascoproductspromotestablerareearthproductionandnewalloys |