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How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys

The largest outputs of rare earth mining are the low-value byproducts cerium and lanthanum, which burden rare earth supply chains because they must be separated from more desirable rare earths used in magnet production. Promoting demand for cerium and lanthanum can potentially diversify the economic...

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Autores principales: Sims, Zachary C., Kesler, Michael S., Henderson, Hunter B., Castillo, Emilio, Fishman, Tomer, Weiss, David, Singleton, Prentice, Eggert, Roderick, McCall, Scott K., Rios, Orlando
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255836/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37520841
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00562-4
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author Sims, Zachary C.
Kesler, Michael S.
Henderson, Hunter B.
Castillo, Emilio
Fishman, Tomer
Weiss, David
Singleton, Prentice
Eggert, Roderick
McCall, Scott K.
Rios, Orlando
author_facet Sims, Zachary C.
Kesler, Michael S.
Henderson, Hunter B.
Castillo, Emilio
Fishman, Tomer
Weiss, David
Singleton, Prentice
Eggert, Roderick
McCall, Scott K.
Rios, Orlando
author_sort Sims, Zachary C.
collection PubMed
description The largest outputs of rare earth mining are the low-value byproducts cerium and lanthanum, which burden rare earth supply chains because they must be separated from more desirable rare earths used in magnet production. Promoting demand for cerium and lanthanum can potentially diversify the economics of rare earth mining and improve supply chain stability for all rare earth elements. A promising avenue for increasing byproduct rare earth element demand is their use in aluminum alloys; an application for cerium and lanthanum offering multiple benefits to manufacturing such as energy reduction and improved throughput. Experimental materials science and economic implications of Al-rare earth element alloys will be discussed. We show that Al–La/Ce alloys have elevated mechanical strength compared to more traditional aluminum alloys, in some formulations can be used without heat treatment, and possess a highly castable eutectic microstructure. This report presents the use of cerium and lanthanum in aluminum alloys as an example of how supply chain focused approaches to technological development can benefit stakeholders at every step in production. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text]
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spelling pubmed-92558362022-07-06 How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys Sims, Zachary C. Kesler, Michael S. Henderson, Hunter B. Castillo, Emilio Fishman, Tomer Weiss, David Singleton, Prentice Eggert, Roderick McCall, Scott K. Rios, Orlando J. Sustain. Metall. Research Article The largest outputs of rare earth mining are the low-value byproducts cerium and lanthanum, which burden rare earth supply chains because they must be separated from more desirable rare earths used in magnet production. Promoting demand for cerium and lanthanum can potentially diversify the economics of rare earth mining and improve supply chain stability for all rare earth elements. A promising avenue for increasing byproduct rare earth element demand is their use in aluminum alloys; an application for cerium and lanthanum offering multiple benefits to manufacturing such as energy reduction and improved throughput. Experimental materials science and economic implications of Al-rare earth element alloys will be discussed. We show that Al–La/Ce alloys have elevated mechanical strength compared to more traditional aluminum alloys, in some formulations can be used without heat treatment, and possess a highly castable eutectic microstructure. This report presents the use of cerium and lanthanum in aluminum alloys as an example of how supply chain focused approaches to technological development can benefit stakeholders at every step in production. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] Springer International Publishing 2022-07-05 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9255836/ /pubmed/37520841 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00562-4 Text en © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2022 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Research Article
Sims, Zachary C.
Kesler, Michael S.
Henderson, Hunter B.
Castillo, Emilio
Fishman, Tomer
Weiss, David
Singleton, Prentice
Eggert, Roderick
McCall, Scott K.
Rios, Orlando
How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys
title How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys
title_full How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys
title_fullStr How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys
title_full_unstemmed How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys
title_short How Cerium and Lanthanum as Coproducts Promote Stable Rare Earth Production and New Alloys
title_sort how cerium and lanthanum as coproducts promote stable rare earth production and new alloys
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255836/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37520841
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00562-4
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