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Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities
Soil microorganisms affect crop rhizospheres via the transformation and transport of nutrients, which has important influences on soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and plant yield and health in agroecosystems. There are few reports on the effects of fertilizer application on the growth of Panax...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255912/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35801112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.919434 |
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author | Sun, Jin Luo, Haoming Yu, Qian Kou, Baixin Jiang, Yuxin Weng, Lili Xiao, Chunping |
author_facet | Sun, Jin Luo, Haoming Yu, Qian Kou, Baixin Jiang, Yuxin Weng, Lili Xiao, Chunping |
author_sort | Sun, Jin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Soil microorganisms affect crop rhizospheres via the transformation and transport of nutrients, which has important influences on soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and plant yield and health in agroecosystems. There are few reports on the effects of fertilizer application on the growth of Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey.) or the structure of its rhizosphere microbial communities. In this study, an orthogonal experimental design was used to explore the effects of nine different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers with different amounts and proportions on ginseng growth and accumulation of ginsenosides and the structure of rhizosphere soil fungal communities. Soil without fertilization was the control. With the combined application of NPK, ginseng growth and development increased. The fertilization scheme N(3)P(1)K(3), with N fertilizer at 50 g·m(−2), P fertilizer at 15 g·m(−2), and K fertilizer at 60 g·m(−2), had the most comprehensive benefit and significantly increased ginseng rhizome biomass and ginsenoside contents (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd). Amplicon sequencing showed that NPK application increased the diversity of fungal communities in ginseng rhizospheres, whereas richness was bidirectionally regulated by proportions and amounts of NPK. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in ginseng rhizosphere soil, and relative abundances decreased with combined NPK application. Combined NPK application increased the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi, such as Mortierella, but decreased that of potentially pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium. Correlation analysis showed that potential beneficial fungi were significantly positively correlated with ginseng rhizome yield and ginsenoside contents, whereas the opposite relation was observed with potential pathogenic fungi. Thus, in addition to directly increasing crop growth, precise NPK application can also increase crop adaptability to the environment by shaping specific microbial communities. The results of this study suggest that the combined effects of biotic and abiotic processes on agricultural production determine crop yield and quality. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9255912 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92559122022-07-06 Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities Sun, Jin Luo, Haoming Yu, Qian Kou, Baixin Jiang, Yuxin Weng, Lili Xiao, Chunping Front Microbiol Microbiology Soil microorganisms affect crop rhizospheres via the transformation and transport of nutrients, which has important influences on soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and plant yield and health in agroecosystems. There are few reports on the effects of fertilizer application on the growth of Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey.) or the structure of its rhizosphere microbial communities. In this study, an orthogonal experimental design was used to explore the effects of nine different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers with different amounts and proportions on ginseng growth and accumulation of ginsenosides and the structure of rhizosphere soil fungal communities. Soil without fertilization was the control. With the combined application of NPK, ginseng growth and development increased. The fertilization scheme N(3)P(1)K(3), with N fertilizer at 50 g·m(−2), P fertilizer at 15 g·m(−2), and K fertilizer at 60 g·m(−2), had the most comprehensive benefit and significantly increased ginseng rhizome biomass and ginsenoside contents (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd). Amplicon sequencing showed that NPK application increased the diversity of fungal communities in ginseng rhizospheres, whereas richness was bidirectionally regulated by proportions and amounts of NPK. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in ginseng rhizosphere soil, and relative abundances decreased with combined NPK application. Combined NPK application increased the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi, such as Mortierella, but decreased that of potentially pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium. Correlation analysis showed that potential beneficial fungi were significantly positively correlated with ginseng rhizome yield and ginsenoside contents, whereas the opposite relation was observed with potential pathogenic fungi. Thus, in addition to directly increasing crop growth, precise NPK application can also increase crop adaptability to the environment by shaping specific microbial communities. The results of this study suggest that the combined effects of biotic and abiotic processes on agricultural production determine crop yield and quality. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9255912/ /pubmed/35801112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.919434 Text en Copyright © 2022 Sun, Luo, Yu, Kou, Jiang, Weng and Xiao. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Sun, Jin Luo, Haoming Yu, Qian Kou, Baixin Jiang, Yuxin Weng, Lili Xiao, Chunping Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities |
title | Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities |
title_full | Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities |
title_fullStr | Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities |
title_full_unstemmed | Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities |
title_short | Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities |
title_sort | optimal npk fertilizer combination increases panax ginseng yield and quality and affects diversity and structure of rhizosphere fungal communities |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255912/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35801112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.919434 |
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