The Association of Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Histamine H(2) Receptor Antagonists with Clinical Complications in Patients with Severe Sepsis

OBJECTIVE: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to treat gastric acidity, and their frequent use may trigger various malfunctioning, such as cardiac, renal, and liver function failure. In the current study, we evaluated the association between the excessive use of the PPIs and the clinical complications of intensive care unit (ICU) septic patients. METHODS: A total of 208188 patients were analyzed from 2016 to 2017 through the China Critical Care Sepsis Trial (CCCST) database. The characteristics of the study group and outcome of events from the PPI- and H(2) blocker-using groups were reported. To get unbiased results, the data from the target trials were randomly assigned for PPI and H(2) blocker groups. RESULT: The data revealed 43.34 excess deaths (95% confidence intensive (CI) 25.12 to 62.02) per 1000 patients in patients extensively consuming PPI drugs. The sepsis with chronic kidney disease attributed to deaths 21.36; 95% CI (9.34 to 23.23). However, comorbidities, including circulatory diseases (16.34; 95% CI 5.78 to 23.45), nervous system (2.08; 95% CI 1.56 to 6.34), mental disorders (1.87; 95% CI 1.65 to 2.95), genitourinary system (5.23; 95% CI 3.69 to 8.89), and infectious and parasitic disease (4.17; 95% CI 1.44 to 7.49), were also reported. Extensive use of the PPIs and H(2) blockers was associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma, Barrett's esophagus, neoplasms, and GI cancers. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the excessive use of PPI in sepsis patients triggers chronic kidney disease which has a higher clinical complication rate among others.