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Prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern Sierra Leone, a baseline study to inform Ebola vaccine study protocols

INTRODUCTION: Recurrent parasitic infections may influence the immune response to vaccines. In the Partnership for Research on Ebola VACcinations extended follow-UP and clinical research capacity build-UP (PREVAC-UP) study being undertaken in Mambolo, northern Sierra Leone, participants are being fo...

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Autores principales: Baiden, Frank, Fleck, Suzanne, Leigh, Bailah, Ayieko, Philip, Tindanbil, Daniel, Otieno, Tuda, Lawal, Bolarinde, Tehtor, Mattu, Rogers, Maariam, Odeny, Lazarus, Hodges, Mary H., Sonnie, Mustapha, Samai, Mohamed, Ishola, David, Lowe, Brett, Watson-Jones, Deborah, Greenwood, Brian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9258822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35793331
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270968
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author Baiden, Frank
Fleck, Suzanne
Leigh, Bailah
Ayieko, Philip
Tindanbil, Daniel
Otieno, Tuda
Lawal, Bolarinde
Tehtor, Mattu
Rogers, Maariam
Odeny, Lazarus
Hodges, Mary H.
Sonnie, Mustapha
Samai, Mohamed
Ishola, David
Lowe, Brett
Watson-Jones, Deborah
Greenwood, Brian
author_facet Baiden, Frank
Fleck, Suzanne
Leigh, Bailah
Ayieko, Philip
Tindanbil, Daniel
Otieno, Tuda
Lawal, Bolarinde
Tehtor, Mattu
Rogers, Maariam
Odeny, Lazarus
Hodges, Mary H.
Sonnie, Mustapha
Samai, Mohamed
Ishola, David
Lowe, Brett
Watson-Jones, Deborah
Greenwood, Brian
author_sort Baiden, Frank
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Recurrent parasitic infections may influence the immune response to vaccines. In the Partnership for Research on Ebola VACcinations extended follow-UP and clinical research capacity build-UP (PREVAC-UP) study being undertaken in Mambolo, northern Sierra Leone, participants are being followed up to assess the potential impact of exposure to malaria and/or helminth infections on long-term immune response to two Ebola vaccines. To support the development of the assays that will be used in this evaluation, a parasitological survey was conducted in Mambolo between November 2019 and February 2020. METHODS: Healthy individuals aged ≥1 year who were resident in Mambolo Chiefdom were selected using a stratified sampling approach and questionnaires were administered to explore their sociodemographic characteristics. Microscopy was used to detect malaria parasites, intestinal helminths and urinary schistosome infections. Rapid blood tests were used to detect infections with Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti. We estimated the overall prevalence of these infections and used adjusted logistic regression models to explore risk factors for malaria and hookworm infection. RESULTS: Eight hundred and fifteen (815) residents, 50.9% of whom were female were surveyed. Overall, 309 (39.1%) of 791 persons tested for malaria had a positive blood slide; Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species. Helminth infection was detected in 122 (15.0%) of 815 stool samples including three mixed infections. The helminth infections comprised 102 (12.5%) cases of hookworm, 11 (1.3%) cases of Trichuris trichiura, 10 (1.2%) cases of Schistosoma mansoni and two (0.2%) cases of Ascaris lumbricoides. Being male (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.15–3.50) and residing in a non-riverine community (OR = 4.02, 95%CI 2.32–6.98) were the factors associated with hookworm infection. Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti infections were found in 3.3% and 0.4% of participants respectively. CONCLUSION: Malaria and hookworm are the most prevalent parasite infections and those most likely to influence long-term immune response to Ebola vaccines among the trial participants.
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spelling pubmed-92588222022-07-07 Prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern Sierra Leone, a baseline study to inform Ebola vaccine study protocols Baiden, Frank Fleck, Suzanne Leigh, Bailah Ayieko, Philip Tindanbil, Daniel Otieno, Tuda Lawal, Bolarinde Tehtor, Mattu Rogers, Maariam Odeny, Lazarus Hodges, Mary H. Sonnie, Mustapha Samai, Mohamed Ishola, David Lowe, Brett Watson-Jones, Deborah Greenwood, Brian PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: Recurrent parasitic infections may influence the immune response to vaccines. In the Partnership for Research on Ebola VACcinations extended follow-UP and clinical research capacity build-UP (PREVAC-UP) study being undertaken in Mambolo, northern Sierra Leone, participants are being followed up to assess the potential impact of exposure to malaria and/or helminth infections on long-term immune response to two Ebola vaccines. To support the development of the assays that will be used in this evaluation, a parasitological survey was conducted in Mambolo between November 2019 and February 2020. METHODS: Healthy individuals aged ≥1 year who were resident in Mambolo Chiefdom were selected using a stratified sampling approach and questionnaires were administered to explore their sociodemographic characteristics. Microscopy was used to detect malaria parasites, intestinal helminths and urinary schistosome infections. Rapid blood tests were used to detect infections with Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti. We estimated the overall prevalence of these infections and used adjusted logistic regression models to explore risk factors for malaria and hookworm infection. RESULTS: Eight hundred and fifteen (815) residents, 50.9% of whom were female were surveyed. Overall, 309 (39.1%) of 791 persons tested for malaria had a positive blood slide; Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species. Helminth infection was detected in 122 (15.0%) of 815 stool samples including three mixed infections. The helminth infections comprised 102 (12.5%) cases of hookworm, 11 (1.3%) cases of Trichuris trichiura, 10 (1.2%) cases of Schistosoma mansoni and two (0.2%) cases of Ascaris lumbricoides. Being male (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.15–3.50) and residing in a non-riverine community (OR = 4.02, 95%CI 2.32–6.98) were the factors associated with hookworm infection. Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti infections were found in 3.3% and 0.4% of participants respectively. CONCLUSION: Malaria and hookworm are the most prevalent parasite infections and those most likely to influence long-term immune response to Ebola vaccines among the trial participants. Public Library of Science 2022-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9258822/ /pubmed/35793331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270968 Text en © 2022 Baiden et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Baiden, Frank
Fleck, Suzanne
Leigh, Bailah
Ayieko, Philip
Tindanbil, Daniel
Otieno, Tuda
Lawal, Bolarinde
Tehtor, Mattu
Rogers, Maariam
Odeny, Lazarus
Hodges, Mary H.
Sonnie, Mustapha
Samai, Mohamed
Ishola, David
Lowe, Brett
Watson-Jones, Deborah
Greenwood, Brian
Prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern Sierra Leone, a baseline study to inform Ebola vaccine study protocols
title Prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern Sierra Leone, a baseline study to inform Ebola vaccine study protocols
title_full Prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern Sierra Leone, a baseline study to inform Ebola vaccine study protocols
title_fullStr Prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern Sierra Leone, a baseline study to inform Ebola vaccine study protocols
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern Sierra Leone, a baseline study to inform Ebola vaccine study protocols
title_short Prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern Sierra Leone, a baseline study to inform Ebola vaccine study protocols
title_sort prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern sierra leone, a baseline study to inform ebola vaccine study protocols
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9258822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35793331
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270968
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