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Serological testing of blood donors to characterise the impact of COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia, 2020

Rapidly identifying and isolating people with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection has been a core strategy to contain COVID-19 in Australia, but a proportion of infections go undetected. We estimated SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) among blood donors in metropolitan Melbourne followi...

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Autores principales: Machalek, Dorothy A., Vette, Kaitlyn M., Downes, Marnie, Carlin, John B., Nicholson, Suellen, Hirani, Rena, Irving, David O., Gosbell, Iain B., Gidding, Heather F., Shilling, Hannah, Aung, Eithandee, Macartney, Kristine, Kaldor, John M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9258843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35793307
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265858
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author Machalek, Dorothy A.
Vette, Kaitlyn M.
Downes, Marnie
Carlin, John B.
Nicholson, Suellen
Hirani, Rena
Irving, David O.
Gosbell, Iain B.
Gidding, Heather F.
Shilling, Hannah
Aung, Eithandee
Macartney, Kristine
Kaldor, John M.
author_facet Machalek, Dorothy A.
Vette, Kaitlyn M.
Downes, Marnie
Carlin, John B.
Nicholson, Suellen
Hirani, Rena
Irving, David O.
Gosbell, Iain B.
Gidding, Heather F.
Shilling, Hannah
Aung, Eithandee
Macartney, Kristine
Kaldor, John M.
author_sort Machalek, Dorothy A.
collection PubMed
description Rapidly identifying and isolating people with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection has been a core strategy to contain COVID-19 in Australia, but a proportion of infections go undetected. We estimated SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) among blood donors in metropolitan Melbourne following a COVID-19 outbreak in the city between June and September 2020. The aim was to determine the extent of infection spread and whether seroprevalence varied demographically in proportion to reported cases of infection. The design involved stratified sampling of residual specimens from blood donors (aged 20–69 years) in three postcode groups defined by low (<3 cases/1,000 population), medium (3–7 cases/1,000 population) and high (>7 cases/1,000 population) COVID-19 incidence based on case notification data. All specimens were tested using the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay. Seroprevalence was estimated with adjustment for test sensitivity and specificity for the Melbourne metropolitan blood donor and residential populations, using multilevel regression and poststratification. Overall, 4,799 specimens were collected between 23 November and 17 December 2020. Seroprevalence for blood donors was 0.87% (90% credible interval: 0.25–1.49%). The highest estimates, of 1.13% (0.25–2.15%) and 1.11% (0.28–1.95%), respectively, were observed among donors living in the lowest socioeconomic areas (Quintiles 1 and 2) and lowest at 0.69% (0.14–1.39%) among donors living in the highest socioeconomic areas (Quintile 5). When extrapolated to the Melbourne residential population, overall seroprevalence was 0.90% (0.26–1.51%), with estimates by demography groups similar to those for the blood donors. The results suggest a lack of extensive community transmission and good COVID-19 case ascertainment based on routine testing during Victoria’s second epidemic wave. Residual blood donor samples provide a practical epidemiological tool for estimating seroprevalence and information on population patterns of infection, against which the effectiveness of ongoing responses to the pandemic can be assessed.
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spelling pubmed-92588432022-07-07 Serological testing of blood donors to characterise the impact of COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia, 2020 Machalek, Dorothy A. Vette, Kaitlyn M. Downes, Marnie Carlin, John B. Nicholson, Suellen Hirani, Rena Irving, David O. Gosbell, Iain B. Gidding, Heather F. Shilling, Hannah Aung, Eithandee Macartney, Kristine Kaldor, John M. PLoS One Research Article Rapidly identifying and isolating people with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection has been a core strategy to contain COVID-19 in Australia, but a proportion of infections go undetected. We estimated SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) among blood donors in metropolitan Melbourne following a COVID-19 outbreak in the city between June and September 2020. The aim was to determine the extent of infection spread and whether seroprevalence varied demographically in proportion to reported cases of infection. The design involved stratified sampling of residual specimens from blood donors (aged 20–69 years) in three postcode groups defined by low (<3 cases/1,000 population), medium (3–7 cases/1,000 population) and high (>7 cases/1,000 population) COVID-19 incidence based on case notification data. All specimens were tested using the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay. Seroprevalence was estimated with adjustment for test sensitivity and specificity for the Melbourne metropolitan blood donor and residential populations, using multilevel regression and poststratification. Overall, 4,799 specimens were collected between 23 November and 17 December 2020. Seroprevalence for blood donors was 0.87% (90% credible interval: 0.25–1.49%). The highest estimates, of 1.13% (0.25–2.15%) and 1.11% (0.28–1.95%), respectively, were observed among donors living in the lowest socioeconomic areas (Quintiles 1 and 2) and lowest at 0.69% (0.14–1.39%) among donors living in the highest socioeconomic areas (Quintile 5). When extrapolated to the Melbourne residential population, overall seroprevalence was 0.90% (0.26–1.51%), with estimates by demography groups similar to those for the blood donors. The results suggest a lack of extensive community transmission and good COVID-19 case ascertainment based on routine testing during Victoria’s second epidemic wave. Residual blood donor samples provide a practical epidemiological tool for estimating seroprevalence and information on population patterns of infection, against which the effectiveness of ongoing responses to the pandemic can be assessed. Public Library of Science 2022-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9258843/ /pubmed/35793307 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265858 Text en © 2022 Machalek et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Machalek, Dorothy A.
Vette, Kaitlyn M.
Downes, Marnie
Carlin, John B.
Nicholson, Suellen
Hirani, Rena
Irving, David O.
Gosbell, Iain B.
Gidding, Heather F.
Shilling, Hannah
Aung, Eithandee
Macartney, Kristine
Kaldor, John M.
Serological testing of blood donors to characterise the impact of COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia, 2020
title Serological testing of blood donors to characterise the impact of COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia, 2020
title_full Serological testing of blood donors to characterise the impact of COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia, 2020
title_fullStr Serological testing of blood donors to characterise the impact of COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia, 2020
title_full_unstemmed Serological testing of blood donors to characterise the impact of COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia, 2020
title_short Serological testing of blood donors to characterise the impact of COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia, 2020
title_sort serological testing of blood donors to characterise the impact of covid-19 in melbourne, australia, 2020
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9258843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35793307
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265858
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