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The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Obesity in recent years has become an epidemic. A high body mass index (BMI) is one of today's most crucial population health indicators. BMI does not directly quantify body fat but correlates well with easier body fat measurements. Like smoking, obesity impacts multiple organ systems and is a...

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Autores principales: Giri Ravindran, Suganya, Saha, Debistuti, Iqbal, Iffat, Jhaveri, Sharan, Avanthika, Chaithanya, Naagendran, Mridula Sree, Bethineedi, Lakshmi Deepak, Santhosh, Tony
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9259072/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35812616
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25674
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author Giri Ravindran, Suganya
Saha, Debistuti
Iqbal, Iffat
Jhaveri, Sharan
Avanthika, Chaithanya
Naagendran, Mridula Sree
Bethineedi, Lakshmi Deepak
Santhosh, Tony
author_facet Giri Ravindran, Suganya
Saha, Debistuti
Iqbal, Iffat
Jhaveri, Sharan
Avanthika, Chaithanya
Naagendran, Mridula Sree
Bethineedi, Lakshmi Deepak
Santhosh, Tony
author_sort Giri Ravindran, Suganya
collection PubMed
description Obesity in recent years has become an epidemic. A high body mass index (BMI) is one of today's most crucial population health indicators. BMI does not directly quantify body fat but correlates well with easier body fat measurements. Like smoking, obesity impacts multiple organ systems and is a major modifiable risk factor for countless diseases. Despite this, reports have emerged that obesity positively impacts the prognosis of patients with chronic illnesses such as chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a phenomenon known as the Obesity Paradox. This article attempts to explain and summarize this phenomenon. As it stands, two theories explain this paradox. The muscle mass hypothesis states that obese patients are better adapted to tide through acute exacerbations due to increased reserve because of greater muscle mass. The other theory focuses on brown adipose tissue and its anti-inflammatory effects on the body. We performed a literature review on research articles published in English from 1983 to the present in the following databases - PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used: "Obesity," "Heart Failure," "COPD," and "Cardio-Respiratory Fitness." In this review, we looked at the obesity paradox in Heart Failure and COPD. We summarized the current literature on the Obesity Paradox and reviewed its relationship with Cardio-Respiratory Fitness.
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spelling pubmed-92590722022-07-08 The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Giri Ravindran, Suganya Saha, Debistuti Iqbal, Iffat Jhaveri, Sharan Avanthika, Chaithanya Naagendran, Mridula Sree Bethineedi, Lakshmi Deepak Santhosh, Tony Cureus Cardiology Obesity in recent years has become an epidemic. A high body mass index (BMI) is one of today's most crucial population health indicators. BMI does not directly quantify body fat but correlates well with easier body fat measurements. Like smoking, obesity impacts multiple organ systems and is a major modifiable risk factor for countless diseases. Despite this, reports have emerged that obesity positively impacts the prognosis of patients with chronic illnesses such as chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a phenomenon known as the Obesity Paradox. This article attempts to explain and summarize this phenomenon. As it stands, two theories explain this paradox. The muscle mass hypothesis states that obese patients are better adapted to tide through acute exacerbations due to increased reserve because of greater muscle mass. The other theory focuses on brown adipose tissue and its anti-inflammatory effects on the body. We performed a literature review on research articles published in English from 1983 to the present in the following databases - PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used: "Obesity," "Heart Failure," "COPD," and "Cardio-Respiratory Fitness." In this review, we looked at the obesity paradox in Heart Failure and COPD. We summarized the current literature on the Obesity Paradox and reviewed its relationship with Cardio-Respiratory Fitness. Cureus 2022-06-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9259072/ /pubmed/35812616 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25674 Text en Copyright © 2022, Giri Ravindran et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Cardiology
Giri Ravindran, Suganya
Saha, Debistuti
Iqbal, Iffat
Jhaveri, Sharan
Avanthika, Chaithanya
Naagendran, Mridula Sree
Bethineedi, Lakshmi Deepak
Santhosh, Tony
The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_full The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_fullStr The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_full_unstemmed The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_short The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_sort obesity paradox in chronic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
topic Cardiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9259072/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35812616
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25674
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