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Integrated electrocoagulation-flotation of microalgae to produce Mg-laden microalgal biochar for seeding struvite crystallization
Developing sustainable materials for recovering and recycling nutrients from wastewater is critically needed for nutrients such as phosphorus that have a diminishing supply. Struvite crystallization is emerging as a promising strategy for phosphorus recovery which can be enhanced with seeding throug...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9259614/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35794246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15527-6 |
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author | Nageshwari, Krishnamoorthy Chang, Scott X. Balasubramanian, Paramasivan |
author_facet | Nageshwari, Krishnamoorthy Chang, Scott X. Balasubramanian, Paramasivan |
author_sort | Nageshwari, Krishnamoorthy |
collection | PubMed |
description | Developing sustainable materials for recovering and recycling nutrients from wastewater is critically needed for nutrients such as phosphorus that have a diminishing supply. Struvite crystallization is emerging as a promising strategy for phosphorus recovery which can be enhanced with seeding through microalgal biochar. The main bottleneck of using microalgae is its high harvesting cost. In this study, an integrated electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) process is used to recover and at the same time modify the algal surface with magnesium anode and inert carbon cathode. Harvesting efficiency of 98% was achieved with 40.78 mA cm(−2), 0.5 cm inter-electrode distance and energy consumption of 4.03 kWh kg(−1) in 15 min. The harvested microalgae were pyrolyzed to obtain a yield of 52.90% Mg-laden microalgal biochar. Simultaneously, surface impregnation of 28% magnesium was attained as confirmed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Phosphorus recovery and struvite yield of 93.70% and 2.66 g L(−1), respectively, were obtained from dosing 1.50 g L(−1) Mg-laden microalgal biochar. Comparison of physicochemical characteristics of residual supernatant after microalgal harvesting and struvite recovery showed that the combined use of both the residuals can serve as a sustainable growth medium for microalgae. The overall operating cost of the integrated process was found to be 2.48 USD kg(−1) with a total energy consumption of 10.76 kWh kg(−1), which was found to be lower than conventional harvesting unit processes such as centrifugation and filtration. This novel approach can help attaining a circular bioeconomy by encompassing nutrient recovery and waste management in an integrated process. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9259614 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92596142022-07-08 Integrated electrocoagulation-flotation of microalgae to produce Mg-laden microalgal biochar for seeding struvite crystallization Nageshwari, Krishnamoorthy Chang, Scott X. Balasubramanian, Paramasivan Sci Rep Article Developing sustainable materials for recovering and recycling nutrients from wastewater is critically needed for nutrients such as phosphorus that have a diminishing supply. Struvite crystallization is emerging as a promising strategy for phosphorus recovery which can be enhanced with seeding through microalgal biochar. The main bottleneck of using microalgae is its high harvesting cost. In this study, an integrated electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) process is used to recover and at the same time modify the algal surface with magnesium anode and inert carbon cathode. Harvesting efficiency of 98% was achieved with 40.78 mA cm(−2), 0.5 cm inter-electrode distance and energy consumption of 4.03 kWh kg(−1) in 15 min. The harvested microalgae were pyrolyzed to obtain a yield of 52.90% Mg-laden microalgal biochar. Simultaneously, surface impregnation of 28% magnesium was attained as confirmed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Phosphorus recovery and struvite yield of 93.70% and 2.66 g L(−1), respectively, were obtained from dosing 1.50 g L(−1) Mg-laden microalgal biochar. Comparison of physicochemical characteristics of residual supernatant after microalgal harvesting and struvite recovery showed that the combined use of both the residuals can serve as a sustainable growth medium for microalgae. The overall operating cost of the integrated process was found to be 2.48 USD kg(−1) with a total energy consumption of 10.76 kWh kg(−1), which was found to be lower than conventional harvesting unit processes such as centrifugation and filtration. This novel approach can help attaining a circular bioeconomy by encompassing nutrient recovery and waste management in an integrated process. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9259614/ /pubmed/35794246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15527-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Nageshwari, Krishnamoorthy Chang, Scott X. Balasubramanian, Paramasivan Integrated electrocoagulation-flotation of microalgae to produce Mg-laden microalgal biochar for seeding struvite crystallization |
title | Integrated electrocoagulation-flotation of microalgae to produce Mg-laden microalgal biochar for seeding struvite crystallization |
title_full | Integrated electrocoagulation-flotation of microalgae to produce Mg-laden microalgal biochar for seeding struvite crystallization |
title_fullStr | Integrated electrocoagulation-flotation of microalgae to produce Mg-laden microalgal biochar for seeding struvite crystallization |
title_full_unstemmed | Integrated electrocoagulation-flotation of microalgae to produce Mg-laden microalgal biochar for seeding struvite crystallization |
title_short | Integrated electrocoagulation-flotation of microalgae to produce Mg-laden microalgal biochar for seeding struvite crystallization |
title_sort | integrated electrocoagulation-flotation of microalgae to produce mg-laden microalgal biochar for seeding struvite crystallization |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9259614/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35794246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15527-6 |
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