Häufigkeit, Spektrum und Risikofaktoren von Long-COVID

Between 10 and 20% of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suffer from symptoms up to weeks after initial infection. The most frequently reported symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, anosmia and ageusia, as well as headaches, joint pain, cough, cognitive impairment and impaired sleeping. After exclusion of other etiologies and symptom duration of more than 4 weeks after initial infection this is referred to as long COVID. In contrast to acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no specific risk factors have been identified as yet as being associated with the occurrence of this disease. Furthermore, there are varying hypotheses concerning the pathomechanism of long COVID. Dividing patients into groups is beneficial in the clinical context. Regardless of long COVID symptoms the risk of cardiovascular events is increased even 1 year after COVID-19.