Breast Cancer Genomics: Primary and Most Common Metastases

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and numerous associated genetic alterations have been identified. Knowledge of driver and other associated mutations has progressed significantly in recent years, secondarily to advances in gene sequencing. This manuscript provides an overview of genetic alterations in both primary and metastatic breast cancer. ABSTRACT: Specific genomic alterations have been found in primary breast cancer involving driver mutations that result in tumorigenesis. Metastatic breast cancer, which is uncommon at the time of disease onset, variably impacts patients throughout the course of their disease. Both the molecular profiles and diverse genomic pathways vary in the development and progression of metastatic breast cancer. From the most common metastatic site (bone), to the rare sites such as orbital, gynecologic, or pancreatic metastases, different levels of gene expression indicate the potential involvement of numerous genes in the development and spread of breast cancer. Knowledge of these alterations can, not only help predict future disease, but also lead to advancement in breast cancer treatments. This review discusses the somatic landscape of breast primary and metastatic tumors.