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State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (MSCC) is a feared complication in oncology patients due to its potential for severe pain, permanent neurological disability and mechanical instability of the spine. This narrative review, conducted by keyword searches in PubMed and Google Scholar d...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9265325/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35805059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133289 |
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author | Kuah, Tricia Vellayappan, Balamurugan A. Makmur, Andrew Nair, Shalini Song, Junda Tan, Jiong Hao Kumar, Naresh Quek, Swee Tian Hallinan, James Thomas Patrick Decourcy |
author_facet | Kuah, Tricia Vellayappan, Balamurugan A. Makmur, Andrew Nair, Shalini Song, Junda Tan, Jiong Hao Kumar, Naresh Quek, Swee Tian Hallinan, James Thomas Patrick Decourcy |
author_sort | Kuah, Tricia |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (MSCC) is a feared complication in oncology patients due to its potential for severe pain, permanent neurological disability and mechanical instability of the spine. This narrative review, conducted by keyword searches in PubMed and Google Scholar databases, aims to describe the important role of imaging in MSCC diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis is typically achieved via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), although Computed Tomography (CT) Myelogram and conventional CT imaging can be performed in certain clinical situations. Metal artifact reduction techniques for MRI and CT are continually being researched to facilitate imaging in MSCC patients with spinal implants. Imaging also has an important role in pre-treatment planning, in-room image-guidance, and post-treatment follow-up for MSCC patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy. Recent advances in deep learning tools for image analysis can reduce the time to MSCC diagnosis, enabling earlier treatment for superior functional outcomes. ABSTRACT: Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (MSCC) is a debilitating complication in oncology patients. This narrative review discusses the strengths and limitations of various imaging modalities in diagnosing MSCC, the role of imaging in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for MSCC treatment, and recent advances in deep learning (DL) tools for MSCC diagnosis. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using targeted keywords. Studies were reviewed in consensus among the co-authors for their suitability before inclusion. MRI is the gold standard of imaging to diagnose MSCC with reported sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 97% respectively. CT Myelogram appears to have comparable sensitivity and specificity to contrast-enhanced MRI. Conventional CT has a lower diagnostic accuracy than MRI in MSCC diagnosis, but is helpful in emergent situations with limited access to MRI. Metal artifact reduction techniques for MRI and CT are continually being researched for patients with spinal implants. Imaging is crucial for SBRT treatment planning and three-dimensional positional verification of the treatment isocentre prior to SBRT delivery. Structural and functional MRI may be helpful in post-treatment surveillance. DL tools may improve detection of vertebral metastasis and reduce time to MSCC diagnosis. This enables earlier institution of definitive therapy for better outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9265325 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92653252022-07-09 State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression Kuah, Tricia Vellayappan, Balamurugan A. Makmur, Andrew Nair, Shalini Song, Junda Tan, Jiong Hao Kumar, Naresh Quek, Swee Tian Hallinan, James Thomas Patrick Decourcy Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (MSCC) is a feared complication in oncology patients due to its potential for severe pain, permanent neurological disability and mechanical instability of the spine. This narrative review, conducted by keyword searches in PubMed and Google Scholar databases, aims to describe the important role of imaging in MSCC diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis is typically achieved via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), although Computed Tomography (CT) Myelogram and conventional CT imaging can be performed in certain clinical situations. Metal artifact reduction techniques for MRI and CT are continually being researched to facilitate imaging in MSCC patients with spinal implants. Imaging also has an important role in pre-treatment planning, in-room image-guidance, and post-treatment follow-up for MSCC patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy. Recent advances in deep learning tools for image analysis can reduce the time to MSCC diagnosis, enabling earlier treatment for superior functional outcomes. ABSTRACT: Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (MSCC) is a debilitating complication in oncology patients. This narrative review discusses the strengths and limitations of various imaging modalities in diagnosing MSCC, the role of imaging in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for MSCC treatment, and recent advances in deep learning (DL) tools for MSCC diagnosis. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using targeted keywords. Studies were reviewed in consensus among the co-authors for their suitability before inclusion. MRI is the gold standard of imaging to diagnose MSCC with reported sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 97% respectively. CT Myelogram appears to have comparable sensitivity and specificity to contrast-enhanced MRI. Conventional CT has a lower diagnostic accuracy than MRI in MSCC diagnosis, but is helpful in emergent situations with limited access to MRI. Metal artifact reduction techniques for MRI and CT are continually being researched for patients with spinal implants. Imaging is crucial for SBRT treatment planning and three-dimensional positional verification of the treatment isocentre prior to SBRT delivery. Structural and functional MRI may be helpful in post-treatment surveillance. DL tools may improve detection of vertebral metastasis and reduce time to MSCC diagnosis. This enables earlier institution of definitive therapy for better outcomes. MDPI 2022-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9265325/ /pubmed/35805059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133289 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kuah, Tricia Vellayappan, Balamurugan A. Makmur, Andrew Nair, Shalini Song, Junda Tan, Jiong Hao Kumar, Naresh Quek, Swee Tian Hallinan, James Thomas Patrick Decourcy State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression |
title | State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression |
title_full | State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression |
title_fullStr | State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression |
title_full_unstemmed | State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression |
title_short | State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression |
title_sort | state-of-the-art imaging techniques in metastatic spinal cord compression |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9265325/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35805059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133289 |
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