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The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey

South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV worldwide. South Africa has implemented five population-based HIV prevalence surveys since 2002 aimed at understanding the dynamics and the trends of the epidemic. This paper presents key findings from the fifth HIV prevalence, incidence,...

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Autores principales: Zuma, Khangelani, Simbayi, Leickness, Zungu, Nompumelelo, Moyo, Sizulu, Marinda, Edmore, Jooste, Sean, North, Alicia, Nadol, Patrick, Aynalem, Getahun, Igumbor, Ehimario, Dietrich, Cheryl, Sigida, Salome, Chibi, Buyisile, Makola, Lehlogonolo, Kondlo, Lwando, Porter, Sarah, Ramlagan, Shandir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9265818/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35805784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138125
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author Zuma, Khangelani
Simbayi, Leickness
Zungu, Nompumelelo
Moyo, Sizulu
Marinda, Edmore
Jooste, Sean
North, Alicia
Nadol, Patrick
Aynalem, Getahun
Igumbor, Ehimario
Dietrich, Cheryl
Sigida, Salome
Chibi, Buyisile
Makola, Lehlogonolo
Kondlo, Lwando
Porter, Sarah
Ramlagan, Shandir
author_facet Zuma, Khangelani
Simbayi, Leickness
Zungu, Nompumelelo
Moyo, Sizulu
Marinda, Edmore
Jooste, Sean
North, Alicia
Nadol, Patrick
Aynalem, Getahun
Igumbor, Ehimario
Dietrich, Cheryl
Sigida, Salome
Chibi, Buyisile
Makola, Lehlogonolo
Kondlo, Lwando
Porter, Sarah
Ramlagan, Shandir
author_sort Zuma, Khangelani
collection PubMed
description South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV worldwide. South Africa has implemented five population-based HIV prevalence surveys since 2002 aimed at understanding the dynamics and the trends of the epidemic. This paper presents key findings from the fifth HIV prevalence, incidence, and behaviour survey conducted in 2017 following policy, programme, and epidemic change since the prior survey was conducted in 2012. A cross-sectional population-based household survey collected behavioural and biomedical data on all members of the eligible households. A total of 39,132 respondents from 11,776 households were eligible to participate, of whom 93.6% agreed to be interviewed, and 61.1% provided blood specimens. The provided blood specimens were used to determine HIV status, HIV incidence, viral load, exposure to antiretroviral treatment, and HIV drug resistance. Overall HIV incidence among persons aged 2 years and above was 0.48% which translates to an estimated 231,000 new infections in 2017. HIV prevalence was 14.0% translating to 7.9 million people living with HIV. Antiretroviral (ARV) exposure was 62.3%, with the lowest exposure among those aged 15 to 24 years (39.9%) with 10% lower ARV coverage among males compared to females. Viral suppression among those on treatment was high (87.3%), whilst HIV population viral load suppression was much lower (62.3%). In terms of risk behaviours, 13.6% of youth reported having had an early sexual debut (first sex before the age of 15 years), with more males reporting having done so (19.5%) than females (7.6%). Age-disparate relationships, defined as having a sexual partner 5+ years different from oneself,) among adolescents were more common among females (35.8%) than males (1.5%). Self-reported multiple sexual partnerships (MSPs), defined as having more than one sexual partner in the previous 12 months, were more commonly reported by males (25.5%) than females (9.0%). Condom use at last sexual encounter was highest among males than females. Three quarters (75.2%) of people reported they had ever been tested for HIV, with more females (79.3%) having had done so than males (70.9%). Two-thirds of respondents (66.8%) self-reported having tested for HIV in the past 12 months. Finally, 61.6% of males in the survey self-reported as having been circumcised, with circumcision being more common among youth aged 15–24 years (70.2%), Black Africans (68.9%), and those living in both rural informal (tribal) areas (65%) and urban areas (61.9%). Slightly more (51.2%) male circumcisions were reported to have occurred in a medical setting than in traditional settings (44.8%), with more young males aged 15–24 (62.6%) and men aged 25–49 (51.5%) reporting to have done so compared to most men aged 50 and older (57.1%) who reported that they had undergone circumcision in a traditional setting. The results of this survey show that strides have been made in controlling the HIV epidemic, especially in the reduction of HIV incidence, HIV testing, and treatment. Although condom use at last sex act remains unchanged, there continue to be some challenges with the lack of significant behaviour change as people, especially youth, continue to engage in risky behaviour and delay treatment initiation. Therefore, there is a need to develop or scale up targeted intervention programmes to increase HIV testing further and put more people living with HIV on treatment as well as prevent risky behaviours that put young people at risk of HIV infection.
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spelling pubmed-92658182022-07-09 The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey Zuma, Khangelani Simbayi, Leickness Zungu, Nompumelelo Moyo, Sizulu Marinda, Edmore Jooste, Sean North, Alicia Nadol, Patrick Aynalem, Getahun Igumbor, Ehimario Dietrich, Cheryl Sigida, Salome Chibi, Buyisile Makola, Lehlogonolo Kondlo, Lwando Porter, Sarah Ramlagan, Shandir Int J Environ Res Public Health Article South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV worldwide. South Africa has implemented five population-based HIV prevalence surveys since 2002 aimed at understanding the dynamics and the trends of the epidemic. This paper presents key findings from the fifth HIV prevalence, incidence, and behaviour survey conducted in 2017 following policy, programme, and epidemic change since the prior survey was conducted in 2012. A cross-sectional population-based household survey collected behavioural and biomedical data on all members of the eligible households. A total of 39,132 respondents from 11,776 households were eligible to participate, of whom 93.6% agreed to be interviewed, and 61.1% provided blood specimens. The provided blood specimens were used to determine HIV status, HIV incidence, viral load, exposure to antiretroviral treatment, and HIV drug resistance. Overall HIV incidence among persons aged 2 years and above was 0.48% which translates to an estimated 231,000 new infections in 2017. HIV prevalence was 14.0% translating to 7.9 million people living with HIV. Antiretroviral (ARV) exposure was 62.3%, with the lowest exposure among those aged 15 to 24 years (39.9%) with 10% lower ARV coverage among males compared to females. Viral suppression among those on treatment was high (87.3%), whilst HIV population viral load suppression was much lower (62.3%). In terms of risk behaviours, 13.6% of youth reported having had an early sexual debut (first sex before the age of 15 years), with more males reporting having done so (19.5%) than females (7.6%). Age-disparate relationships, defined as having a sexual partner 5+ years different from oneself,) among adolescents were more common among females (35.8%) than males (1.5%). Self-reported multiple sexual partnerships (MSPs), defined as having more than one sexual partner in the previous 12 months, were more commonly reported by males (25.5%) than females (9.0%). Condom use at last sexual encounter was highest among males than females. Three quarters (75.2%) of people reported they had ever been tested for HIV, with more females (79.3%) having had done so than males (70.9%). Two-thirds of respondents (66.8%) self-reported having tested for HIV in the past 12 months. Finally, 61.6% of males in the survey self-reported as having been circumcised, with circumcision being more common among youth aged 15–24 years (70.2%), Black Africans (68.9%), and those living in both rural informal (tribal) areas (65%) and urban areas (61.9%). Slightly more (51.2%) male circumcisions were reported to have occurred in a medical setting than in traditional settings (44.8%), with more young males aged 15–24 (62.6%) and men aged 25–49 (51.5%) reporting to have done so compared to most men aged 50 and older (57.1%) who reported that they had undergone circumcision in a traditional setting. The results of this survey show that strides have been made in controlling the HIV epidemic, especially in the reduction of HIV incidence, HIV testing, and treatment. Although condom use at last sex act remains unchanged, there continue to be some challenges with the lack of significant behaviour change as people, especially youth, continue to engage in risky behaviour and delay treatment initiation. Therefore, there is a need to develop or scale up targeted intervention programmes to increase HIV testing further and put more people living with HIV on treatment as well as prevent risky behaviours that put young people at risk of HIV infection. MDPI 2022-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9265818/ /pubmed/35805784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138125 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zuma, Khangelani
Simbayi, Leickness
Zungu, Nompumelelo
Moyo, Sizulu
Marinda, Edmore
Jooste, Sean
North, Alicia
Nadol, Patrick
Aynalem, Getahun
Igumbor, Ehimario
Dietrich, Cheryl
Sigida, Salome
Chibi, Buyisile
Makola, Lehlogonolo
Kondlo, Lwando
Porter, Sarah
Ramlagan, Shandir
The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey
title The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey
title_full The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey
title_fullStr The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey
title_full_unstemmed The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey
title_short The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey
title_sort hiv epidemic in south africa: key findings from 2017 national population-based survey
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9265818/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35805784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138125
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