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Resistance to Arsenite and Arsenate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arises through the Subtelomeric Expansion of a Cluster of Yeast Genes
Arsenic is one of the most prevalent toxic elements in the environment, and its toxicity affects every organism. Arsenic resistance has mainly been observed in microorganisms, and, in bacteria, it has been associated with the presence of the Ars operon. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, three genes confe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9266342/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35805774 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138119 |
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author | Stefanini, Irene Di Paola, Monica Liti, Gianni Marranci, Andrea Sebastiani, Federico Casalone, Enrico Cavalieri, Duccio |
author_facet | Stefanini, Irene Di Paola, Monica Liti, Gianni Marranci, Andrea Sebastiani, Federico Casalone, Enrico Cavalieri, Duccio |
author_sort | Stefanini, Irene |
collection | PubMed |
description | Arsenic is one of the most prevalent toxic elements in the environment, and its toxicity affects every organism. Arsenic resistance has mainly been observed in microorganisms, and, in bacteria, it has been associated with the presence of the Ars operon. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, three genes confer arsenic resistance: ARR1, ARR2, and ARR3. Unlike bacteria, in which the presence of the Ars genes confers per se resistance to arsenic, most of the S. cerevisiae isolates present the three ARR genes, regardless of whether the strain is resistant or sensitive to arsenic. To assess the genetic features that make natural S. cerevisiae strains resistant to arsenic, we used a combination of comparative genomic hybridization, whole-genome sequencing, and transcriptomics profiling with microarray analyses. We observed that both the presence and the genomic location of multiple copies of the whole cluster of ARR genes were central to the escape from subtelomeric silencing and the acquisition of resistance to arsenic. As a result of the repositioning, the ARR genes were expressed even in the absence of arsenic. In addition to their relevance in improving our understanding of the mechanism of arsenic resistance in yeast, these results provide evidence for a new cluster of functionally related genes that are independently duplicated and translocated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9266342 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92663422022-07-09 Resistance to Arsenite and Arsenate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arises through the Subtelomeric Expansion of a Cluster of Yeast Genes Stefanini, Irene Di Paola, Monica Liti, Gianni Marranci, Andrea Sebastiani, Federico Casalone, Enrico Cavalieri, Duccio Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Arsenic is one of the most prevalent toxic elements in the environment, and its toxicity affects every organism. Arsenic resistance has mainly been observed in microorganisms, and, in bacteria, it has been associated with the presence of the Ars operon. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, three genes confer arsenic resistance: ARR1, ARR2, and ARR3. Unlike bacteria, in which the presence of the Ars genes confers per se resistance to arsenic, most of the S. cerevisiae isolates present the three ARR genes, regardless of whether the strain is resistant or sensitive to arsenic. To assess the genetic features that make natural S. cerevisiae strains resistant to arsenic, we used a combination of comparative genomic hybridization, whole-genome sequencing, and transcriptomics profiling with microarray analyses. We observed that both the presence and the genomic location of multiple copies of the whole cluster of ARR genes were central to the escape from subtelomeric silencing and the acquisition of resistance to arsenic. As a result of the repositioning, the ARR genes were expressed even in the absence of arsenic. In addition to their relevance in improving our understanding of the mechanism of arsenic resistance in yeast, these results provide evidence for a new cluster of functionally related genes that are independently duplicated and translocated. MDPI 2022-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9266342/ /pubmed/35805774 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138119 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Stefanini, Irene Di Paola, Monica Liti, Gianni Marranci, Andrea Sebastiani, Federico Casalone, Enrico Cavalieri, Duccio Resistance to Arsenite and Arsenate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arises through the Subtelomeric Expansion of a Cluster of Yeast Genes |
title | Resistance to Arsenite and Arsenate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arises through the Subtelomeric Expansion of a Cluster of Yeast Genes |
title_full | Resistance to Arsenite and Arsenate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arises through the Subtelomeric Expansion of a Cluster of Yeast Genes |
title_fullStr | Resistance to Arsenite and Arsenate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arises through the Subtelomeric Expansion of a Cluster of Yeast Genes |
title_full_unstemmed | Resistance to Arsenite and Arsenate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arises through the Subtelomeric Expansion of a Cluster of Yeast Genes |
title_short | Resistance to Arsenite and Arsenate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arises through the Subtelomeric Expansion of a Cluster of Yeast Genes |
title_sort | resistance to arsenite and arsenate in saccharomyces cerevisiae arises through the subtelomeric expansion of a cluster of yeast genes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9266342/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35805774 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138119 |
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