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Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis
This article provides a theoretical overview of the association between age-related hearing loss (ARHL), immune system ageing (immunosenescence), and chronic inflammation. ARHL, or presbyacusis, is the most common sensory disability that significantly reduces the quality of life and has a high econo...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9266910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35806352 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137348 |
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author | Kociszewska, Dagmara Vlajkovic, Srdjan |
author_facet | Kociszewska, Dagmara Vlajkovic, Srdjan |
author_sort | Kociszewska, Dagmara |
collection | PubMed |
description | This article provides a theoretical overview of the association between age-related hearing loss (ARHL), immune system ageing (immunosenescence), and chronic inflammation. ARHL, or presbyacusis, is the most common sensory disability that significantly reduces the quality of life and has a high economic impact. This disorder is linked to genetic risk factors but is also influenced by a lifelong cumulative effect of environmental stressors, such as noise, otological diseases, or ototoxic drugs. Age-related hearing loss and other age-related disorders share common mechanisms which often converge on low-grade chronic inflammation known as “inflammaging”. Various stimuli can sustain inflammaging, including pathogens, cell debris, nutrients, and gut microbiota. As a result of ageing, the immune system can become defective, leading to the accumulation of unresolved inflammatory processes in the body. Gut microbiota plays a central role in inflammaging because it can release inflammatory mediators and crosstalk with other organ systems. A proinflammatory gut environment associated with ageing could result in a leaky gut and the translocation of bacterial metabolites and inflammatory mediators to distant organs via the systemic circulation. Here, we postulate that inflammaging, as a result of immunosenescence and gut dysbiosis, accelerates age-related cochlear degeneration, contributing to the development of ARHL. Age-dependent gut dysbiosis was included as a hypothetical link that should receive more attention in future studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9266910 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92669102022-07-09 Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis Kociszewska, Dagmara Vlajkovic, Srdjan Int J Mol Sci Review This article provides a theoretical overview of the association between age-related hearing loss (ARHL), immune system ageing (immunosenescence), and chronic inflammation. ARHL, or presbyacusis, is the most common sensory disability that significantly reduces the quality of life and has a high economic impact. This disorder is linked to genetic risk factors but is also influenced by a lifelong cumulative effect of environmental stressors, such as noise, otological diseases, or ototoxic drugs. Age-related hearing loss and other age-related disorders share common mechanisms which often converge on low-grade chronic inflammation known as “inflammaging”. Various stimuli can sustain inflammaging, including pathogens, cell debris, nutrients, and gut microbiota. As a result of ageing, the immune system can become defective, leading to the accumulation of unresolved inflammatory processes in the body. Gut microbiota plays a central role in inflammaging because it can release inflammatory mediators and crosstalk with other organ systems. A proinflammatory gut environment associated with ageing could result in a leaky gut and the translocation of bacterial metabolites and inflammatory mediators to distant organs via the systemic circulation. Here, we postulate that inflammaging, as a result of immunosenescence and gut dysbiosis, accelerates age-related cochlear degeneration, contributing to the development of ARHL. Age-dependent gut dysbiosis was included as a hypothetical link that should receive more attention in future studies. MDPI 2022-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9266910/ /pubmed/35806352 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137348 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kociszewska, Dagmara Vlajkovic, Srdjan Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis |
title | Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis |
title_full | Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis |
title_fullStr | Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis |
title_short | Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis |
title_sort | age-related hearing loss: the link between inflammaging, immunosenescence, and gut dysbiosis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9266910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35806352 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137348 |
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