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Alterations of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Lead to the Natural Formation of Pinkish-Skinned and White-Fleshed Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)
Anthocyanin content is important for both the external and internal fruit quality of cultivated strawberries, but the mechanism of its accumulation in pinkish-skinned and white-fleshed strawberries is puzzling. Here, we found that the factor determining variation in the flesh color was not the FaMYB...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9267004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35806380 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137375 |
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author | Jiang, Leiyu Yue, Maolan Liu, Yongqiang Ye, Yuyun Zhang, Yunting Lin, Yuanxiu Wang, Xiaorong Chen, Qing Tang, Haoru |
author_facet | Jiang, Leiyu Yue, Maolan Liu, Yongqiang Ye, Yuyun Zhang, Yunting Lin, Yuanxiu Wang, Xiaorong Chen, Qing Tang, Haoru |
author_sort | Jiang, Leiyu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Anthocyanin content is important for both the external and internal fruit quality of cultivated strawberries, but the mechanism of its accumulation in pinkish-skinned and white-fleshed strawberries is puzzling. Here, we found that the factor determining variation in the flesh color was not the FaMYB10 but the FaC4H in the cultivated strawberry Benihoppe and its white-fleshed mutant Xiaobai. Compared with Benihoppe, there was no significant difference in the coding sequence and expression level of FaMYB10 in Xiaobai’s flesh. Instead, the transcription of FaC4H was dramatically inhibited. The combined analyses of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that the differential genes and metabolites were significantly enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of FaC4H greatly restored anthocyanins’ accumulation in Xiaobai’s flesh and did not produce additional pigment species, as in Benihoppe. The transcriptional repression of FaC4H was not directly caused by promoter methylations, lncRNAs, or microRNAs. In addition, the unexpressed FaF3′H, which resulted in the loss of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in the flesh, was not due to methylation in promoters. Our findings suggested that the repression of FaC4H was responsible for the natural formation of pinkish-skinned and white-fleshed strawberries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9267004 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92670042022-07-09 Alterations of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Lead to the Natural Formation of Pinkish-Skinned and White-Fleshed Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) Jiang, Leiyu Yue, Maolan Liu, Yongqiang Ye, Yuyun Zhang, Yunting Lin, Yuanxiu Wang, Xiaorong Chen, Qing Tang, Haoru Int J Mol Sci Article Anthocyanin content is important for both the external and internal fruit quality of cultivated strawberries, but the mechanism of its accumulation in pinkish-skinned and white-fleshed strawberries is puzzling. Here, we found that the factor determining variation in the flesh color was not the FaMYB10 but the FaC4H in the cultivated strawberry Benihoppe and its white-fleshed mutant Xiaobai. Compared with Benihoppe, there was no significant difference in the coding sequence and expression level of FaMYB10 in Xiaobai’s flesh. Instead, the transcription of FaC4H was dramatically inhibited. The combined analyses of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that the differential genes and metabolites were significantly enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of FaC4H greatly restored anthocyanins’ accumulation in Xiaobai’s flesh and did not produce additional pigment species, as in Benihoppe. The transcriptional repression of FaC4H was not directly caused by promoter methylations, lncRNAs, or microRNAs. In addition, the unexpressed FaF3′H, which resulted in the loss of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in the flesh, was not due to methylation in promoters. Our findings suggested that the repression of FaC4H was responsible for the natural formation of pinkish-skinned and white-fleshed strawberries. MDPI 2022-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9267004/ /pubmed/35806380 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137375 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jiang, Leiyu Yue, Maolan Liu, Yongqiang Ye, Yuyun Zhang, Yunting Lin, Yuanxiu Wang, Xiaorong Chen, Qing Tang, Haoru Alterations of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Lead to the Natural Formation of Pinkish-Skinned and White-Fleshed Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) |
title | Alterations of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Lead to the Natural Formation of Pinkish-Skinned and White-Fleshed Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) |
title_full | Alterations of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Lead to the Natural Formation of Pinkish-Skinned and White-Fleshed Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) |
title_fullStr | Alterations of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Lead to the Natural Formation of Pinkish-Skinned and White-Fleshed Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) |
title_full_unstemmed | Alterations of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Lead to the Natural Formation of Pinkish-Skinned and White-Fleshed Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) |
title_short | Alterations of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Lead to the Natural Formation of Pinkish-Skinned and White-Fleshed Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) |
title_sort | alterations of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis lead to the natural formation of pinkish-skinned and white-fleshed strawberry (fragaria × ananassa) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9267004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35806380 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137375 |
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