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Revisiting the Function of p21(CDKN1A) in DNA Repair: The Influence of Protein Interactions and Stability
The p21(CDKN1A) protein is an important player in the maintenance of genome stability through its function as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, leading to cell-cycle arrest after genotoxic damage. In the DNA damage response, p21 interacts with specific proteins to integrate cell-cycle arrest with...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9267019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35806061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137058 |
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author | Ticli, Giulio Cazzalini, Ornella Stivala, Lucia A. Prosperi, Ennio |
author_facet | Ticli, Giulio Cazzalini, Ornella Stivala, Lucia A. Prosperi, Ennio |
author_sort | Ticli, Giulio |
collection | PubMed |
description | The p21(CDKN1A) protein is an important player in the maintenance of genome stability through its function as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, leading to cell-cycle arrest after genotoxic damage. In the DNA damage response, p21 interacts with specific proteins to integrate cell-cycle arrest with processes such as transcription, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell motility. By associating with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), the master of DNA replication, p21 is able to inhibit DNA synthesis. However, to avoid conflicts with this process, p21 protein levels are finely regulated by pathways of proteasomal degradation during the S phase, and in all the phases of the cell cycle, after DNA damage. Several lines of evidence have indicated that p21 is required for the efficient repair of different types of genotoxic lesions and, more recently, that p21 regulates DNA replication fork speed. Therefore, whether p21 is an inhibitor, or rather a regulator, of DNA replication and repair needs to be re-evaluated in light of these findings. In this review, we will discuss the lines of evidence describing how p21 is involved in DNA repair and will focus on the influence of protein interactions and p21 stability on the efficiency of DNA repair mechanisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9267019 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92670192022-07-09 Revisiting the Function of p21(CDKN1A) in DNA Repair: The Influence of Protein Interactions and Stability Ticli, Giulio Cazzalini, Ornella Stivala, Lucia A. Prosperi, Ennio Int J Mol Sci Review The p21(CDKN1A) protein is an important player in the maintenance of genome stability through its function as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, leading to cell-cycle arrest after genotoxic damage. In the DNA damage response, p21 interacts with specific proteins to integrate cell-cycle arrest with processes such as transcription, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell motility. By associating with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), the master of DNA replication, p21 is able to inhibit DNA synthesis. However, to avoid conflicts with this process, p21 protein levels are finely regulated by pathways of proteasomal degradation during the S phase, and in all the phases of the cell cycle, after DNA damage. Several lines of evidence have indicated that p21 is required for the efficient repair of different types of genotoxic lesions and, more recently, that p21 regulates DNA replication fork speed. Therefore, whether p21 is an inhibitor, or rather a regulator, of DNA replication and repair needs to be re-evaluated in light of these findings. In this review, we will discuss the lines of evidence describing how p21 is involved in DNA repair and will focus on the influence of protein interactions and p21 stability on the efficiency of DNA repair mechanisms. MDPI 2022-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9267019/ /pubmed/35806061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137058 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ticli, Giulio Cazzalini, Ornella Stivala, Lucia A. Prosperi, Ennio Revisiting the Function of p21(CDKN1A) in DNA Repair: The Influence of Protein Interactions and Stability |
title | Revisiting the Function of p21(CDKN1A) in DNA Repair: The Influence of Protein Interactions and Stability |
title_full | Revisiting the Function of p21(CDKN1A) in DNA Repair: The Influence of Protein Interactions and Stability |
title_fullStr | Revisiting the Function of p21(CDKN1A) in DNA Repair: The Influence of Protein Interactions and Stability |
title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting the Function of p21(CDKN1A) in DNA Repair: The Influence of Protein Interactions and Stability |
title_short | Revisiting the Function of p21(CDKN1A) in DNA Repair: The Influence of Protein Interactions and Stability |
title_sort | revisiting the function of p21(cdkn1a) in dna repair: the influence of protein interactions and stability |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9267019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35806061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137058 |
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