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The Frequency of Primary Healthcare Contacts Preceding the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: Do Women Consult General Practice Differently?
Background. Women with lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) are often underdiagnosed, present themselves with more advanced disease at diagnosis, and fare worse than men. Objective. To investigate to what extent potential gender differences exist in the frequency and reasons for general practitio...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9267865/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35806951 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133666 |
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author | Porras, Cindy P. Teraa, Martin Bots, Michiel L. de Boer, Annemarijn R. Peters, Sanne A. E. van Doorn, Sander Vernooij, Robin W. M. |
author_facet | Porras, Cindy P. Teraa, Martin Bots, Michiel L. de Boer, Annemarijn R. Peters, Sanne A. E. van Doorn, Sander Vernooij, Robin W. M. |
author_sort | Porras, Cindy P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background. Women with lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) are often underdiagnosed, present themselves with more advanced disease at diagnosis, and fare worse than men. Objective. To investigate to what extent potential gender differences exist in the frequency and reasons for general practitioner (GP) consultation six months prior to the diagnosis of LEAD, as potential indicators of diagnostic delay. Methods. Individuals older than 18 years diagnosed with LEAD, sampled from the Julius General Practitioner’s Network (JGPN), were included and compared with a reference population, matched (1:2.6 ratio) in terms of age, sex, and general practice. We applied a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model. Results. The study population comprised 4044 patients with LEAD (43.5% women) and 10,486 subjects in the reference population (46.3% women). In the LEAD cohort, the number of GP contacts was 2.70 (95% CI: 2.42, 3.02) in women and 2.54 (2.29, 2.82) in men. In the reference cohort, 1.77 (95% CI: 1.62, 1.94) in women and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.50, 1.78) in men. In the LEAD cohort, 21.9% of GP contacts occurred one month prior to diagnosis. In both cohorts and both sexes, the most common cause of consultation during the last month before the index date was cardiovascular problems. Conclusions. Six months preceding the initial diagnosis of LEAD, patients visit the GP more often than a similar population without LEAD, regardless of gender. Reported gender differences in the severity of LEAD at diagnosis do not seem to be explained by a delay in presentation to the GP. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9267865 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92678652022-07-09 The Frequency of Primary Healthcare Contacts Preceding the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: Do Women Consult General Practice Differently? Porras, Cindy P. Teraa, Martin Bots, Michiel L. de Boer, Annemarijn R. Peters, Sanne A. E. van Doorn, Sander Vernooij, Robin W. M. J Clin Med Article Background. Women with lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) are often underdiagnosed, present themselves with more advanced disease at diagnosis, and fare worse than men. Objective. To investigate to what extent potential gender differences exist in the frequency and reasons for general practitioner (GP) consultation six months prior to the diagnosis of LEAD, as potential indicators of diagnostic delay. Methods. Individuals older than 18 years diagnosed with LEAD, sampled from the Julius General Practitioner’s Network (JGPN), were included and compared with a reference population, matched (1:2.6 ratio) in terms of age, sex, and general practice. We applied a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model. Results. The study population comprised 4044 patients with LEAD (43.5% women) and 10,486 subjects in the reference population (46.3% women). In the LEAD cohort, the number of GP contacts was 2.70 (95% CI: 2.42, 3.02) in women and 2.54 (2.29, 2.82) in men. In the reference cohort, 1.77 (95% CI: 1.62, 1.94) in women and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.50, 1.78) in men. In the LEAD cohort, 21.9% of GP contacts occurred one month prior to diagnosis. In both cohorts and both sexes, the most common cause of consultation during the last month before the index date was cardiovascular problems. Conclusions. Six months preceding the initial diagnosis of LEAD, patients visit the GP more often than a similar population without LEAD, regardless of gender. Reported gender differences in the severity of LEAD at diagnosis do not seem to be explained by a delay in presentation to the GP. MDPI 2022-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9267865/ /pubmed/35806951 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133666 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Porras, Cindy P. Teraa, Martin Bots, Michiel L. de Boer, Annemarijn R. Peters, Sanne A. E. van Doorn, Sander Vernooij, Robin W. M. The Frequency of Primary Healthcare Contacts Preceding the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: Do Women Consult General Practice Differently? |
title | The Frequency of Primary Healthcare Contacts Preceding the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: Do Women Consult General Practice Differently? |
title_full | The Frequency of Primary Healthcare Contacts Preceding the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: Do Women Consult General Practice Differently? |
title_fullStr | The Frequency of Primary Healthcare Contacts Preceding the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: Do Women Consult General Practice Differently? |
title_full_unstemmed | The Frequency of Primary Healthcare Contacts Preceding the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: Do Women Consult General Practice Differently? |
title_short | The Frequency of Primary Healthcare Contacts Preceding the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: Do Women Consult General Practice Differently? |
title_sort | frequency of primary healthcare contacts preceding the diagnosis of lower-extremity arterial disease: do women consult general practice differently? |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9267865/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35806951 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133666 |
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