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Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections

In the present study, a hydroxytyrosol-rich Olea europaea L. fruit extract (OFE) was added to three thoroughly green formulations—hydrogel, oleogel, and cream—in order to evaluate their antiviral activity against HSV-1. The extract was characterized by different analytical techniques, i.e., FT-IR, X...

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Autores principales: Cometa, Stefania, Zannella, Carla, Busto, Francesco, De Filippis, Anna, Franci, Gianluigi, Galdiero, Massimiliano, De Giglio, Elvira
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9268399/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35807518
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134273
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author Cometa, Stefania
Zannella, Carla
Busto, Francesco
De Filippis, Anna
Franci, Gianluigi
Galdiero, Massimiliano
De Giglio, Elvira
author_facet Cometa, Stefania
Zannella, Carla
Busto, Francesco
De Filippis, Anna
Franci, Gianluigi
Galdiero, Massimiliano
De Giglio, Elvira
author_sort Cometa, Stefania
collection PubMed
description In the present study, a hydroxytyrosol-rich Olea europaea L. fruit extract (OFE) was added to three thoroughly green formulations—hydrogel, oleogel, and cream—in order to evaluate their antiviral activity against HSV-1. The extract was characterized by different analytical techniques, i.e., FT-IR, XPS, and TGA. HPLC analyses were carried out to monitor the content and release of hydroxytyrosol in the prepared formulations. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were investigated through Folin–Ciocâlteu’s reagent, DPPH, and ABTS assays. The ability of the three formulations to convey active principles to the skin was evaluated using a Franz cell, showing that the number of permeated polyphenols in the hydrogel (272.1 ± 1.8 GAE/g) was significantly higher than those in the oleogel and cream (174 ± 10 and 179.6 ± 2 GAE/g, respectively), even if a negligible amount of hydroxytyrosol crossed the membrane for all the formulations. The cell viability assay indicated that the OFE and the three formulations were not toxic to cultured Vero cells. The antiviral activity tests highlighted that the OFE had a strong inhibitory effect against HSV-1 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 25 µg/mL, interfering directly with the viral particles. Among the three formulations, the hydrogel exhibited the highest antiviral activity also against the acyclovir-resistant strain.
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spelling pubmed-92683992022-07-09 Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections Cometa, Stefania Zannella, Carla Busto, Francesco De Filippis, Anna Franci, Gianluigi Galdiero, Massimiliano De Giglio, Elvira Molecules Article In the present study, a hydroxytyrosol-rich Olea europaea L. fruit extract (OFE) was added to three thoroughly green formulations—hydrogel, oleogel, and cream—in order to evaluate their antiviral activity against HSV-1. The extract was characterized by different analytical techniques, i.e., FT-IR, XPS, and TGA. HPLC analyses were carried out to monitor the content and release of hydroxytyrosol in the prepared formulations. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were investigated through Folin–Ciocâlteu’s reagent, DPPH, and ABTS assays. The ability of the three formulations to convey active principles to the skin was evaluated using a Franz cell, showing that the number of permeated polyphenols in the hydrogel (272.1 ± 1.8 GAE/g) was significantly higher than those in the oleogel and cream (174 ± 10 and 179.6 ± 2 GAE/g, respectively), even if a negligible amount of hydroxytyrosol crossed the membrane for all the formulations. The cell viability assay indicated that the OFE and the three formulations were not toxic to cultured Vero cells. The antiviral activity tests highlighted that the OFE had a strong inhibitory effect against HSV-1 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 25 µg/mL, interfering directly with the viral particles. Among the three formulations, the hydrogel exhibited the highest antiviral activity also against the acyclovir-resistant strain. MDPI 2022-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9268399/ /pubmed/35807518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134273 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cometa, Stefania
Zannella, Carla
Busto, Francesco
De Filippis, Anna
Franci, Gianluigi
Galdiero, Massimiliano
De Giglio, Elvira
Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections
title Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections
title_full Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections
title_fullStr Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections
title_full_unstemmed Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections
title_short Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections
title_sort natural formulations based on olea europaea l. fruit extract for the topical treatment of hsv-1 infections
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9268399/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35807518
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134273
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