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Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections
In the present study, a hydroxytyrosol-rich Olea europaea L. fruit extract (OFE) was added to three thoroughly green formulations—hydrogel, oleogel, and cream—in order to evaluate their antiviral activity against HSV-1. The extract was characterized by different analytical techniques, i.e., FT-IR, X...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9268399/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35807518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134273 |
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author | Cometa, Stefania Zannella, Carla Busto, Francesco De Filippis, Anna Franci, Gianluigi Galdiero, Massimiliano De Giglio, Elvira |
author_facet | Cometa, Stefania Zannella, Carla Busto, Francesco De Filippis, Anna Franci, Gianluigi Galdiero, Massimiliano De Giglio, Elvira |
author_sort | Cometa, Stefania |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the present study, a hydroxytyrosol-rich Olea europaea L. fruit extract (OFE) was added to three thoroughly green formulations—hydrogel, oleogel, and cream—in order to evaluate their antiviral activity against HSV-1. The extract was characterized by different analytical techniques, i.e., FT-IR, XPS, and TGA. HPLC analyses were carried out to monitor the content and release of hydroxytyrosol in the prepared formulations. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were investigated through Folin–Ciocâlteu’s reagent, DPPH, and ABTS assays. The ability of the three formulations to convey active principles to the skin was evaluated using a Franz cell, showing that the number of permeated polyphenols in the hydrogel (272.1 ± 1.8 GAE/g) was significantly higher than those in the oleogel and cream (174 ± 10 and 179.6 ± 2 GAE/g, respectively), even if a negligible amount of hydroxytyrosol crossed the membrane for all the formulations. The cell viability assay indicated that the OFE and the three formulations were not toxic to cultured Vero cells. The antiviral activity tests highlighted that the OFE had a strong inhibitory effect against HSV-1 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 25 µg/mL, interfering directly with the viral particles. Among the three formulations, the hydrogel exhibited the highest antiviral activity also against the acyclovir-resistant strain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9268399 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92683992022-07-09 Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections Cometa, Stefania Zannella, Carla Busto, Francesco De Filippis, Anna Franci, Gianluigi Galdiero, Massimiliano De Giglio, Elvira Molecules Article In the present study, a hydroxytyrosol-rich Olea europaea L. fruit extract (OFE) was added to three thoroughly green formulations—hydrogel, oleogel, and cream—in order to evaluate their antiviral activity against HSV-1. The extract was characterized by different analytical techniques, i.e., FT-IR, XPS, and TGA. HPLC analyses were carried out to monitor the content and release of hydroxytyrosol in the prepared formulations. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were investigated through Folin–Ciocâlteu’s reagent, DPPH, and ABTS assays. The ability of the three formulations to convey active principles to the skin was evaluated using a Franz cell, showing that the number of permeated polyphenols in the hydrogel (272.1 ± 1.8 GAE/g) was significantly higher than those in the oleogel and cream (174 ± 10 and 179.6 ± 2 GAE/g, respectively), even if a negligible amount of hydroxytyrosol crossed the membrane for all the formulations. The cell viability assay indicated that the OFE and the three formulations were not toxic to cultured Vero cells. The antiviral activity tests highlighted that the OFE had a strong inhibitory effect against HSV-1 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 25 µg/mL, interfering directly with the viral particles. Among the three formulations, the hydrogel exhibited the highest antiviral activity also against the acyclovir-resistant strain. MDPI 2022-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9268399/ /pubmed/35807518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134273 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Cometa, Stefania Zannella, Carla Busto, Francesco De Filippis, Anna Franci, Gianluigi Galdiero, Massimiliano De Giglio, Elvira Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections |
title | Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections |
title_full | Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections |
title_fullStr | Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections |
title_full_unstemmed | Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections |
title_short | Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections |
title_sort | natural formulations based on olea europaea l. fruit extract for the topical treatment of hsv-1 infections |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9268399/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35807518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134273 |
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