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Rheological Behavior and Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Interpretation of Layer Adhesion in FDM 3D Printing

Commercial filaments of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with particulate filler, carbon fiber, and copper powder with different contents were fabricated by FDM 3D printing in XZ-direction at bed temperatures of 45 °C and 60 °C. The effects of additives and bed temperatures on layer adhesion, frac...

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Autores principales: Thumsorn, Supaphorn, Prasong, Wattanachai, Kurose, Takashi, Ishigami, Akira, Kobayashi, Yutaka, Ito, Hiroshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9268954/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35808766
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132721
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author Thumsorn, Supaphorn
Prasong, Wattanachai
Kurose, Takashi
Ishigami, Akira
Kobayashi, Yutaka
Ito, Hiroshi
author_facet Thumsorn, Supaphorn
Prasong, Wattanachai
Kurose, Takashi
Ishigami, Akira
Kobayashi, Yutaka
Ito, Hiroshi
author_sort Thumsorn, Supaphorn
collection PubMed
description Commercial filaments of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with particulate filler, carbon fiber, and copper powder with different contents were fabricated by FDM 3D printing in XZ-direction at bed temperatures of 45 °C and 60 °C. The effects of additives and bed temperatures on layer adhesion, fracture behavior, and mechanical performance of the PLA composites 3D printing were evaluated. Rheological properties informed viscous nature of all filaments and interface bonding in the PLA composites, which improved printability and dimensional stability of the 3D printing. Crystallinity of the PLA composites 3D printing increased with increasing bed temperature resulting in an improvement of storage modulus, tensile, and flexural properties. On the contrary, the ductility of the 3D printing was raised when printed at low bed temperature. Dynamic mechanical properties, the degree of entanglement, the adhesion factor, the effectiveness coefficient, the reinforcing efficiency factor, and the Cole–Cole analysis were used to understand the layer adhesion, and the interfacial interaction of the composites as compared to the compression molded sheets. SEM images revealed good adhesion between the additives and the PLA matrix. However, the additives induced faster solidification and showed larger voids in the 3D printing, which indicated lower layer adhesion as compared to neat PLA. It can be noted that the combination of the additives and the optimized 3D printing conditions would be obtain superior mechanical performance even layer adhesion has been restricted.
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spelling pubmed-92689542022-07-09 Rheological Behavior and Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Interpretation of Layer Adhesion in FDM 3D Printing Thumsorn, Supaphorn Prasong, Wattanachai Kurose, Takashi Ishigami, Akira Kobayashi, Yutaka Ito, Hiroshi Polymers (Basel) Article Commercial filaments of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with particulate filler, carbon fiber, and copper powder with different contents were fabricated by FDM 3D printing in XZ-direction at bed temperatures of 45 °C and 60 °C. The effects of additives and bed temperatures on layer adhesion, fracture behavior, and mechanical performance of the PLA composites 3D printing were evaluated. Rheological properties informed viscous nature of all filaments and interface bonding in the PLA composites, which improved printability and dimensional stability of the 3D printing. Crystallinity of the PLA composites 3D printing increased with increasing bed temperature resulting in an improvement of storage modulus, tensile, and flexural properties. On the contrary, the ductility of the 3D printing was raised when printed at low bed temperature. Dynamic mechanical properties, the degree of entanglement, the adhesion factor, the effectiveness coefficient, the reinforcing efficiency factor, and the Cole–Cole analysis were used to understand the layer adhesion, and the interfacial interaction of the composites as compared to the compression molded sheets. SEM images revealed good adhesion between the additives and the PLA matrix. However, the additives induced faster solidification and showed larger voids in the 3D printing, which indicated lower layer adhesion as compared to neat PLA. It can be noted that the combination of the additives and the optimized 3D printing conditions would be obtain superior mechanical performance even layer adhesion has been restricted. MDPI 2022-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9268954/ /pubmed/35808766 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132721 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Thumsorn, Supaphorn
Prasong, Wattanachai
Kurose, Takashi
Ishigami, Akira
Kobayashi, Yutaka
Ito, Hiroshi
Rheological Behavior and Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Interpretation of Layer Adhesion in FDM 3D Printing
title Rheological Behavior and Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Interpretation of Layer Adhesion in FDM 3D Printing
title_full Rheological Behavior and Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Interpretation of Layer Adhesion in FDM 3D Printing
title_fullStr Rheological Behavior and Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Interpretation of Layer Adhesion in FDM 3D Printing
title_full_unstemmed Rheological Behavior and Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Interpretation of Layer Adhesion in FDM 3D Printing
title_short Rheological Behavior and Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Interpretation of Layer Adhesion in FDM 3D Printing
title_sort rheological behavior and dynamic mechanical properties for interpretation of layer adhesion in fdm 3d printing
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9268954/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35808766
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132721
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