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Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
The occurrence and persistence of pharmaceuticals in the food chain, particularly edible crops, can adversely affect human and environmental health. In this study, the impacts of the absorption, translocation, accumulation, and degradation of paracetamol in different organs of the leafy vegetable cr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9269112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35807584 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11131626 |
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author | Badar, Zarreen Shanableh, Abdallah El-Keblawy, Ali Mosa, Kareem A. Semerjian, Lucy Mutery, Abdullah Al Hussain, Muhammad Iftikhar Bhattacharjee, Sourjya Tsombou, François Mitterand Ayyaril, Sefeera Sadik Ahmady, Islam M. Elnaggar, Attiat Mousa, Muath Semreen, Mohammad H. |
author_facet | Badar, Zarreen Shanableh, Abdallah El-Keblawy, Ali Mosa, Kareem A. Semerjian, Lucy Mutery, Abdullah Al Hussain, Muhammad Iftikhar Bhattacharjee, Sourjya Tsombou, François Mitterand Ayyaril, Sefeera Sadik Ahmady, Islam M. Elnaggar, Attiat Mousa, Muath Semreen, Mohammad H. |
author_sort | Badar, Zarreen |
collection | PubMed |
description | The occurrence and persistence of pharmaceuticals in the food chain, particularly edible crops, can adversely affect human and environmental health. In this study, the impacts of the absorption, translocation, accumulation, and degradation of paracetamol in different organs of the leafy vegetable crop spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. Spinach plants were exposed to 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L paracetamol in 20% Hoagland solution at the vegetative phase in a hydroponic system. Exposed plants exhibited pronounced phytotoxic effects during the eight days trial period, with highly significant reductions seen in the plants’ morphological parameters. The increasing paracetamol stress levels adversely affected the plants’ photosynthetic machinery, altering the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F(v)/F(m) and PSII), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b and carotenoid contents), and composition of essential nutrients and elements. The LC-MS results indicated that the spinach organs receiving various paracetamol levels on day four exhibited significant uptake and translocation of the drug from roots to aerial parts, while degradation of the drug was observed after eight days. The VITEK(®) 2 system identified several bacterial strains (e.g., members of Burkhulderia, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Kocuria) isolated from spinach shoots and roots. These microbes have the potential to biodegrade paracetamol and other organic micro-pollutants. Our findings provide novel insights to mitigate the risks associated with pharmaceutical pollution in the environment and explore the bioremediation potential of edible crops and their associated microbial consortium to remove these pollutants effectively. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9269112 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92691122022-07-09 Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions Badar, Zarreen Shanableh, Abdallah El-Keblawy, Ali Mosa, Kareem A. Semerjian, Lucy Mutery, Abdullah Al Hussain, Muhammad Iftikhar Bhattacharjee, Sourjya Tsombou, François Mitterand Ayyaril, Sefeera Sadik Ahmady, Islam M. Elnaggar, Attiat Mousa, Muath Semreen, Mohammad H. Plants (Basel) Article The occurrence and persistence of pharmaceuticals in the food chain, particularly edible crops, can adversely affect human and environmental health. In this study, the impacts of the absorption, translocation, accumulation, and degradation of paracetamol in different organs of the leafy vegetable crop spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. Spinach plants were exposed to 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L paracetamol in 20% Hoagland solution at the vegetative phase in a hydroponic system. Exposed plants exhibited pronounced phytotoxic effects during the eight days trial period, with highly significant reductions seen in the plants’ morphological parameters. The increasing paracetamol stress levels adversely affected the plants’ photosynthetic machinery, altering the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F(v)/F(m) and PSII), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b and carotenoid contents), and composition of essential nutrients and elements. The LC-MS results indicated that the spinach organs receiving various paracetamol levels on day four exhibited significant uptake and translocation of the drug from roots to aerial parts, while degradation of the drug was observed after eight days. The VITEK(®) 2 system identified several bacterial strains (e.g., members of Burkhulderia, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Kocuria) isolated from spinach shoots and roots. These microbes have the potential to biodegrade paracetamol and other organic micro-pollutants. Our findings provide novel insights to mitigate the risks associated with pharmaceutical pollution in the environment and explore the bioremediation potential of edible crops and their associated microbial consortium to remove these pollutants effectively. MDPI 2022-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9269112/ /pubmed/35807584 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11131626 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Badar, Zarreen Shanableh, Abdallah El-Keblawy, Ali Mosa, Kareem A. Semerjian, Lucy Mutery, Abdullah Al Hussain, Muhammad Iftikhar Bhattacharjee, Sourjya Tsombou, François Mitterand Ayyaril, Sefeera Sadik Ahmady, Islam M. Elnaggar, Attiat Mousa, Muath Semreen, Mohammad H. Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
title | Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
title_full | Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
title_fullStr | Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
title_short | Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
title_sort | assessment of uptake, accumulation and degradation of paracetamol in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) under controlled laboratory conditions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9269112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35807584 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11131626 |
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