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Evaluation of Biopolymer Materials and Synthesis Techniques to Develop a Rod-Shaped Biopolymer Surrogate for Legionella pneumophila
Biopolymer microparticles have been developed for applications that require biocompatibility and biodegradability, such as drug delivery. In this study, we assessed the production of microparticles using carnauba wax, κ-carrageenan, alginate, and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with the aim of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9269393/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35808617 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132571 |
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author | Ariyadasa, Sujani Daear, Weiam Abeysekera, Gayan Billington, Craig Fee, Conan Prenner, Elmar Pang, Liping |
author_facet | Ariyadasa, Sujani Daear, Weiam Abeysekera, Gayan Billington, Craig Fee, Conan Prenner, Elmar Pang, Liping |
author_sort | Ariyadasa, Sujani |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biopolymer microparticles have been developed for applications that require biocompatibility and biodegradability, such as drug delivery. In this study, we assessed the production of microparticles using carnauba wax, κ-carrageenan, alginate, and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with the aim of developing a novel, DNA-tracer-loaded, biopolymer surrogate with a size, shape, surface charge, and relative hydrophobicity similar to stationary-phase Legionella pneumophila to mimic the bacteria’s mobility and persistence in engineered water systems. We found that the type and concentration of biopolymer, reaction conditions, and synthesis methods affected the morphology, surface charge, relative hydrophobicity, and DNA tracer loading efficiency of the biopolymer microparticles produced. Carnauba wax, κ-carrageenan, and alginate (Protanal(®), and low and medium viscosity) produced highly polydisperse microspheres. In contrast, PLGA and alginate-CaCO(3) produced uniform microspheres and rod-shaped microparticles, respectively, with high DNA tracer loading efficiencies (PLGA 70% and alginate-CaCO(3) 95.2 ± 5.7%) and high reproducibilities. Their synthesis reproducibility was relatively high. The relative hydrophobicity of PLGA microspheres closely matched the cell surface hydrophobicity of L. pneumophila but not the bacterial morphology, whereas the polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer assembly was required to enhance the relative hydrophobicity of alginate-CaCO(3) microparticles. Following this surface modification, alginate-CaCO(3) microparticles represented the best match to L. pneumophila in size, morphology, surface charge, and relative hydrophobicity. This new biopolymer surrogate has the potential to be used as a mimic to study the mobility and persistence of L. pneumophila in water systems where the use of the pathogen is impractical and unsafe. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9269393 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92693932022-07-09 Evaluation of Biopolymer Materials and Synthesis Techniques to Develop a Rod-Shaped Biopolymer Surrogate for Legionella pneumophila Ariyadasa, Sujani Daear, Weiam Abeysekera, Gayan Billington, Craig Fee, Conan Prenner, Elmar Pang, Liping Polymers (Basel) Article Biopolymer microparticles have been developed for applications that require biocompatibility and biodegradability, such as drug delivery. In this study, we assessed the production of microparticles using carnauba wax, κ-carrageenan, alginate, and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with the aim of developing a novel, DNA-tracer-loaded, biopolymer surrogate with a size, shape, surface charge, and relative hydrophobicity similar to stationary-phase Legionella pneumophila to mimic the bacteria’s mobility and persistence in engineered water systems. We found that the type and concentration of biopolymer, reaction conditions, and synthesis methods affected the morphology, surface charge, relative hydrophobicity, and DNA tracer loading efficiency of the biopolymer microparticles produced. Carnauba wax, κ-carrageenan, and alginate (Protanal(®), and low and medium viscosity) produced highly polydisperse microspheres. In contrast, PLGA and alginate-CaCO(3) produced uniform microspheres and rod-shaped microparticles, respectively, with high DNA tracer loading efficiencies (PLGA 70% and alginate-CaCO(3) 95.2 ± 5.7%) and high reproducibilities. Their synthesis reproducibility was relatively high. The relative hydrophobicity of PLGA microspheres closely matched the cell surface hydrophobicity of L. pneumophila but not the bacterial morphology, whereas the polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer assembly was required to enhance the relative hydrophobicity of alginate-CaCO(3) microparticles. Following this surface modification, alginate-CaCO(3) microparticles represented the best match to L. pneumophila in size, morphology, surface charge, and relative hydrophobicity. This new biopolymer surrogate has the potential to be used as a mimic to study the mobility and persistence of L. pneumophila in water systems where the use of the pathogen is impractical and unsafe. MDPI 2022-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9269393/ /pubmed/35808617 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132571 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ariyadasa, Sujani Daear, Weiam Abeysekera, Gayan Billington, Craig Fee, Conan Prenner, Elmar Pang, Liping Evaluation of Biopolymer Materials and Synthesis Techniques to Develop a Rod-Shaped Biopolymer Surrogate for Legionella pneumophila |
title | Evaluation of Biopolymer Materials and Synthesis Techniques to Develop a Rod-Shaped Biopolymer Surrogate for Legionella pneumophila |
title_full | Evaluation of Biopolymer Materials and Synthesis Techniques to Develop a Rod-Shaped Biopolymer Surrogate for Legionella pneumophila |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Biopolymer Materials and Synthesis Techniques to Develop a Rod-Shaped Biopolymer Surrogate for Legionella pneumophila |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Biopolymer Materials and Synthesis Techniques to Develop a Rod-Shaped Biopolymer Surrogate for Legionella pneumophila |
title_short | Evaluation of Biopolymer Materials and Synthesis Techniques to Develop a Rod-Shaped Biopolymer Surrogate for Legionella pneumophila |
title_sort | evaluation of biopolymer materials and synthesis techniques to develop a rod-shaped biopolymer surrogate for legionella pneumophila |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9269393/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35808617 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132571 |
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