Addressed Combined Fiber-Optic Sensors as Key Element of Multisensor Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Systems

The design and usage of the addressed combined fiber-optic sensors (ACFOSs) and the multisensory control systems of the greenhouse gas concentration on their basis are investigated herein. The main development trend of the combined fiber-optic sensors (CFOSs), which consists of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and the Fabry–Perot resonator (FPR), which are successively formed at the optical fiber end, is highlighted. The use of the addressed fiber Bragg structures (AFBSs) instead of the FBG in the CFOSs not only leads to the significant cheapening of the sensor system due to microwave photonics interrogating methods, but also increasing its metrological characteristics. The structural scheme of the multisensory gas concentration monitoring system is suggested. The suggested scheme allows detecting four types of greenhouse gases (CO(2), NO(2), CH(4) and O(x)) depending on the material and thickness of the polymer film, which is the FPR sensitive element. The usage of the Karhunen–Loève transform (KLT), which allows separating each component contribution to the reflected spectrum according to its efficiency, is proposed. In the future, this allows determining the gas concentration at the AFBS address frequencies. The estimations show that the ACFOS design in the multisensory system allows measuring the environment temperature in the range of −60…+300 °C with an accuracy of 0.1–0.01 °C, and the gas concentration in the range of 10…90% with an accuracy of 0.1–0.5%.