Analysis of Soft Tissue Changes and Influencing Factors of Implant Absorption after Immediate Restoration of Anterior Teeth

OBJECTIVE: Using a digital model, evaluate the changes in the soft tissue following rapid restoration of anterior teeth and analyze the factors impacting implant absorption. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 84 patients who received immediate implant restoration for a single anterior tooth in the department of Stomatology of our hospital from April 2020 to August 2021. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into the study group (n = 42) and control group (n = 42). Immediate implant repair was given to the research group, while delayed implant restoration was given to the control group. The influence of the two surgical techniques on the alterations of soft tissues around implants was studied using a 3Shape oral scan and a digital model before and 1, 3, and 5 months after the operation, respectively. Patients in the study group were divided into the excellent group (n = 26) and poor group (n = 16) according to the test results of implant bone absorption, and the risk factors of poor implant absorption after immediate restoration of anterior teeth were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The levels of 1 mm and 3 mm below the gum mucosa margin in the two groups increased gradually with the time, and the gingival level and soft tissue thickness at the lip of the baseline implant also increased gradually. However, the changes of soft tissue in the study group were better than those in the control group at 3 and 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05). The PES score was significantly improved in both groups after treatment, and the aesthetic score was higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Univariate and binary logistic multifactor regression showed that smoking and poor implant health were the related factors affecting implant absorption (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Immediate anterior tooth implantation and pharyngeal implant restoration can better restore the soft tissue and aesthetic degree of patients, but immediate implant restoration can more effectively restore the soft tissue, and controlling smoking and keeping clean around the implant after surgery is conducive to implant absorption.