Cargando…
Timber-colonizing gram-negative bacteria as potential causative agents of respiratory diseases in woodworkers
OCCURRENCE: Gram-negative bacteria occur commonly in the inner tissues of stored coniferous and deciduous timber, showing a marked variation in numbers. The greatest maximal numbers are found in the sapwood of coniferous timber. The common constituents of the Gram-negative biota are potentially path...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9273545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35015109 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01829-1 |
_version_ | 1784745100754026496 |
---|---|
author | Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina Mackiewicz, Barbara Sawczyn-Domańska, Anna Sroka, Jacek Siwiec, Jan Paściak, Mariola Szponar, Bogumiła Pawlik, Krzysztof Dutkiewicz, Jacek |
author_facet | Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina Mackiewicz, Barbara Sawczyn-Domańska, Anna Sroka, Jacek Siwiec, Jan Paściak, Mariola Szponar, Bogumiła Pawlik, Krzysztof Dutkiewicz, Jacek |
author_sort | Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina |
collection | PubMed |
description | OCCURRENCE: Gram-negative bacteria occur commonly in the inner tissues of stored coniferous and deciduous timber, showing a marked variation in numbers. The greatest maximal numbers are found in the sapwood of coniferous timber. The common constituents of the Gram-negative biota are potentially pathogenic species of Enterobacteriaceae family of the genera Rahnella, Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. The air of wood-processing facilities is polluted with the wood-borne Gram-negative bacteria and produced by them endotoxin, as demonstrated worldwide by numerous studies. EFFECTS: There are three potential pathways of the pathogenic impact of wood-borne Gram-negative bacteria on exposed woodworkers: allergic, immunotoxic, and infectious. Allergic impact has been underestimated for a long time with relation to Gram-negative bacteria. Hopefully, the recent demonstration of the first documented case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in woodworkers caused by Pantoea agglomerans which developed in extremely large quantities in birch sapwood, would speed up finding of new wood-related cases of HP caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The second pathway is associated with endotoxin, exerting strong immunotoxic (excessively immunostimulative) action. It has been demonstrated that endotoxin is released into wood dust in the form of nano-sized microvesicles, by peeling off the outer membrane of bacteria. Endotoxin microvesicles are easily inhaled by humans together with dust because of small dimensions and aerodynamic shape. Afterwards, they cause a nonspecific activation of lung macrophages, which release numerous inflammatory mediators causing an inflammatory lung reaction, chest tightness, fever, gas exchange disorders, and bronchospasm, without radiographic changes. The resulting disease is known as “Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome” or “toxic pneumonitis.” The potential third pathway of pathogenic impact is infection. The suspected species is Klebsiella pneumoniae that may occur commonly in wood dust; however, until now this pathway has not been confirmed. CONCLUSION: Summarizing, Gram-negative bacteria-inhabiting timber should be considered, besides filamentous fungi and actinobacteria, as important risk factors of occupational disease in woodworkers that could be either HP with allergenic background or toxic pneumonitis elicited by endotoxin. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-021-01829-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9273545 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92735452022-07-13 Timber-colonizing gram-negative bacteria as potential causative agents of respiratory diseases in woodworkers Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina Mackiewicz, Barbara Sawczyn-Domańska, Anna Sroka, Jacek Siwiec, Jan Paściak, Mariola Szponar, Bogumiła Pawlik, Krzysztof Dutkiewicz, Jacek Int Arch Occup Environ Health Review Article OCCURRENCE: Gram-negative bacteria occur commonly in the inner tissues of stored coniferous and deciduous timber, showing a marked variation in numbers. The greatest maximal numbers are found in the sapwood of coniferous timber. The common constituents of the Gram-negative biota are potentially pathogenic species of Enterobacteriaceae family of the genera Rahnella, Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. The air of wood-processing facilities is polluted with the wood-borne Gram-negative bacteria and produced by them endotoxin, as demonstrated worldwide by numerous studies. EFFECTS: There are three potential pathways of the pathogenic impact of wood-borne Gram-negative bacteria on exposed woodworkers: allergic, immunotoxic, and infectious. Allergic impact has been underestimated for a long time with relation to Gram-negative bacteria. Hopefully, the recent demonstration of the first documented case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in woodworkers caused by Pantoea agglomerans which developed in extremely large quantities in birch sapwood, would speed up finding of new wood-related cases of HP caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The second pathway is associated with endotoxin, exerting strong immunotoxic (excessively immunostimulative) action. It has been demonstrated that endotoxin is released into wood dust in the form of nano-sized microvesicles, by peeling off the outer membrane of bacteria. Endotoxin microvesicles are easily inhaled by humans together with dust because of small dimensions and aerodynamic shape. Afterwards, they cause a nonspecific activation of lung macrophages, which release numerous inflammatory mediators causing an inflammatory lung reaction, chest tightness, fever, gas exchange disorders, and bronchospasm, without radiographic changes. The resulting disease is known as “Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome” or “toxic pneumonitis.” The potential third pathway of pathogenic impact is infection. The suspected species is Klebsiella pneumoniae that may occur commonly in wood dust; however, until now this pathway has not been confirmed. CONCLUSION: Summarizing, Gram-negative bacteria-inhabiting timber should be considered, besides filamentous fungi and actinobacteria, as important risk factors of occupational disease in woodworkers that could be either HP with allergenic background or toxic pneumonitis elicited by endotoxin. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-021-01829-1. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-01-11 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9273545/ /pubmed/35015109 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01829-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Article Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina Mackiewicz, Barbara Sawczyn-Domańska, Anna Sroka, Jacek Siwiec, Jan Paściak, Mariola Szponar, Bogumiła Pawlik, Krzysztof Dutkiewicz, Jacek Timber-colonizing gram-negative bacteria as potential causative agents of respiratory diseases in woodworkers |
title | Timber-colonizing gram-negative bacteria as potential causative agents of respiratory diseases in woodworkers |
title_full | Timber-colonizing gram-negative bacteria as potential causative agents of respiratory diseases in woodworkers |
title_fullStr | Timber-colonizing gram-negative bacteria as potential causative agents of respiratory diseases in woodworkers |
title_full_unstemmed | Timber-colonizing gram-negative bacteria as potential causative agents of respiratory diseases in woodworkers |
title_short | Timber-colonizing gram-negative bacteria as potential causative agents of respiratory diseases in woodworkers |
title_sort | timber-colonizing gram-negative bacteria as potential causative agents of respiratory diseases in woodworkers |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9273545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35015109 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01829-1 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wojcikfatlaangelina timbercolonizinggramnegativebacteriaaspotentialcausativeagentsofrespiratorydiseasesinwoodworkers AT mackiewiczbarbara timbercolonizinggramnegativebacteriaaspotentialcausativeagentsofrespiratorydiseasesinwoodworkers AT sawczyndomanskaanna timbercolonizinggramnegativebacteriaaspotentialcausativeagentsofrespiratorydiseasesinwoodworkers AT srokajacek timbercolonizinggramnegativebacteriaaspotentialcausativeagentsofrespiratorydiseasesinwoodworkers AT siwiecjan timbercolonizinggramnegativebacteriaaspotentialcausativeagentsofrespiratorydiseasesinwoodworkers AT pasciakmariola timbercolonizinggramnegativebacteriaaspotentialcausativeagentsofrespiratorydiseasesinwoodworkers AT szponarbogumiła timbercolonizinggramnegativebacteriaaspotentialcausativeagentsofrespiratorydiseasesinwoodworkers AT pawlikkrzysztof timbercolonizinggramnegativebacteriaaspotentialcausativeagentsofrespiratorydiseasesinwoodworkers AT dutkiewiczjacek timbercolonizinggramnegativebacteriaaspotentialcausativeagentsofrespiratorydiseasesinwoodworkers |