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Molecular Epidemiology Questions Transmission Pathways Identified During the Year 2000 Outbreak of Classical Swine Fever in the UK

The last outbreak of classical swine fever (CSF) in the UK occurred in 2000. A total of 16 domestic pig holdings in the East Anglia region were confirmed as infected over a 3-month period. Obtaining viral genome sequences has since become easier and more cost-effective and has accordingly been appli...

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Autores principales: Strong, Rebecca, McCleary, Stephen, Grierson, Sylvia, Choudhury, Bhudipa, Steinbach, Falko, Crooke, Helen R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9274199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35836425
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.909396
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author Strong, Rebecca
McCleary, Stephen
Grierson, Sylvia
Choudhury, Bhudipa
Steinbach, Falko
Crooke, Helen R.
author_facet Strong, Rebecca
McCleary, Stephen
Grierson, Sylvia
Choudhury, Bhudipa
Steinbach, Falko
Crooke, Helen R.
author_sort Strong, Rebecca
collection PubMed
description The last outbreak of classical swine fever (CSF) in the UK occurred in 2000. A total of 16 domestic pig holdings in the East Anglia region were confirmed as infected over a 3-month period. Obtaining viral genome sequences has since become easier and more cost-effective and has accordingly been applied to trace viral transmission events for a variety of viruses. The rate of genetic evolution varies for different viruses and is influenced by different transmission events, which will vary according to the epidemiology of an outbreak. To examine if genetic changes over the course of any future CSF outbreak would occur to supplement epidemiological investigations and help to track virus movements, the E2 gene and full genome of the virus present in archived tonsil samples from 14 of these infected premises were sequenced. Insufficient changes occurred in the full E2 gene to discriminate between the viruses from the different premises. In contrast, between 5 and 14 nucleotide changes were detected between the genome sequence of the virus from the presumed index case and the sequences from the other 13 infected premises. Phylogenetic analysis of these full CSFV genome sequences identified clusters of closely related viruses that allowed to corroborate some of the transmission pathways inferred by epidemiological investigations at the time. However, other sequences were more distinct and raised questions about the virus transmission routes previously implicated. We are thus confident that in future outbreaks, real-time monitoring of the outbreak via full genome sequencing will be beneficial.
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spelling pubmed-92741992022-07-13 Molecular Epidemiology Questions Transmission Pathways Identified During the Year 2000 Outbreak of Classical Swine Fever in the UK Strong, Rebecca McCleary, Stephen Grierson, Sylvia Choudhury, Bhudipa Steinbach, Falko Crooke, Helen R. Front Microbiol Microbiology The last outbreak of classical swine fever (CSF) in the UK occurred in 2000. A total of 16 domestic pig holdings in the East Anglia region were confirmed as infected over a 3-month period. Obtaining viral genome sequences has since become easier and more cost-effective and has accordingly been applied to trace viral transmission events for a variety of viruses. The rate of genetic evolution varies for different viruses and is influenced by different transmission events, which will vary according to the epidemiology of an outbreak. To examine if genetic changes over the course of any future CSF outbreak would occur to supplement epidemiological investigations and help to track virus movements, the E2 gene and full genome of the virus present in archived tonsil samples from 14 of these infected premises were sequenced. Insufficient changes occurred in the full E2 gene to discriminate between the viruses from the different premises. In contrast, between 5 and 14 nucleotide changes were detected between the genome sequence of the virus from the presumed index case and the sequences from the other 13 infected premises. Phylogenetic analysis of these full CSFV genome sequences identified clusters of closely related viruses that allowed to corroborate some of the transmission pathways inferred by epidemiological investigations at the time. However, other sequences were more distinct and raised questions about the virus transmission routes previously implicated. We are thus confident that in future outbreaks, real-time monitoring of the outbreak via full genome sequencing will be beneficial. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9274199/ /pubmed/35836425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.909396 Text en Copyright © 2022 Strong, McCleary, Grierson, Choudhury, Steinbach and Crooke. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Strong, Rebecca
McCleary, Stephen
Grierson, Sylvia
Choudhury, Bhudipa
Steinbach, Falko
Crooke, Helen R.
Molecular Epidemiology Questions Transmission Pathways Identified During the Year 2000 Outbreak of Classical Swine Fever in the UK
title Molecular Epidemiology Questions Transmission Pathways Identified During the Year 2000 Outbreak of Classical Swine Fever in the UK
title_full Molecular Epidemiology Questions Transmission Pathways Identified During the Year 2000 Outbreak of Classical Swine Fever in the UK
title_fullStr Molecular Epidemiology Questions Transmission Pathways Identified During the Year 2000 Outbreak of Classical Swine Fever in the UK
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Epidemiology Questions Transmission Pathways Identified During the Year 2000 Outbreak of Classical Swine Fever in the UK
title_short Molecular Epidemiology Questions Transmission Pathways Identified During the Year 2000 Outbreak of Classical Swine Fever in the UK
title_sort molecular epidemiology questions transmission pathways identified during the year 2000 outbreak of classical swine fever in the uk
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9274199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35836425
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.909396
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