Relationships Between Arterial Pressure-Volume Index and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers in Patients With Hypertension

BACKGROUND: The arterial pressure-volume index (API), which is obtained by conventional blood pressure measurement, is a new marker for arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between the API and various clinical parameters, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, in patients with hypertension for the prevention of CVD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 288 patients with hypertension receiving pharmacological treatment, without a history of CVD (males/females: 115/173; age: 63 ± 11 years (mean ± standard deviation)). The API was automatically calculated using a commercial device. RESULTS: The API was significantly correlated with important CVD biomarkers, such as the concentration of urinary albumin (r = 0.42, P < 0.001), high-sensitivity troponin T (r = 0.39, P < 0.001), and skin autofluorescence (marker of advanced glycation end products in tissues) (r = 0.41, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that when the API was used as a subordinate factor, these biomarkers were independent variables. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, an API of > 26 is the optimal cut-off point for determining albuminuria as ≥ 30 mg/g Cr, high high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T concentration as ≥ 0.014 ng/mL, or high skin autofluorescence as ≥ 3.0 arbitrary unit (area under the curve = 0.703, 0.702, and 0.704; and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: This investigation demonstrates that API had an independent relationship with relevant CVD biomarkers, such as urinary albumin, high-sensitivity troponin T, and skin autofluorescence. Additionally, the outcomes of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis are presented as values that an API > 26 defines for these biomarkers linked with the formation of CVD.