Latex Anaphylaxis Caused by Occupational Exposure to Balloons

Latex allergies often develop by sensitization to latex allergens by repeated exposure. Because in recent years latex has been ubiquitous in medical equipment, health workers have a higher prevalence of latex allergies than the general population, and care must be taken to ensure workers' safety. We report a case of a female health care worker in her 20s who experienced a severe, biphasic anaphylactic reaction within minutes after being exposed to rubber balloons at a latex-free children’s hospital. After being stabilized with epinephrine, dexamethasone, and fluid resuscitation, over a six-hour period, she was discharged home. En route home, her symptoms recurred, and she was admitted to the ICU for observation for impending respiratory failure. She was hospitalized for about 48 hours before being discharged home. She presented to the occupational medicine clinic a few days later for further management. No acute care was required and she was discharged. This case is consistent with occupational latex-induced anaphylaxis. Health personnel should be educated about the importance of compliance with latex allergy mitigation procedures, as well as the severe nature of hypersensitivity reactions that may occur in sensitized persons. It may be beneficial to address the social pressures that can contribute to noncompliance, as balloons are a common gift for children and may be viewed as an acceptable way to cheer up a sick child, tempting some staff to turn a blind eye to policy. The reasons for the policy, and for strict adherence, should be communicated clearly.