Treatment Patterns of Atopic Dermatitis Medication in 0–10-Year-Olds: A Nationwide Prescription-Based Study

INTRODUCTION: The literature on treatment patterns for paediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) is scarce and is rarely based on real-world data. Using national registers, we sought to establish up-to-date, population-based prevalence estimates, predictors of risk and disease burden and a comprehensive overview of treatment patterns and course for paediatric patients with AD. METHODS: Dispensed prescriptions for the entire Norwegian child population aged 0–10 years from 2014 to 2020 were analysed. RESULTS: There were 176,458 paediatric patients with AD. Of these, 99.2% received topical corticosteroids, 5.1% received topical calcineurin inhibitors, 37.1% received potent topical corticosteroids and 2.1% received systemic corticosteroids. Of the 59,335 live births in Norway (2014), 14,385 [24.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 24.5–25.1] paediatric patients were treated for AD before the age of 6 years, and of these, only 934 (6.5%; 95% CI 6.1–6.9) received medication annually for 5 years or more. Compared with girls, 17.9% (95% CI 6.5–27.9) more boys were treated for at least 5 years, receiving 6.4% (95% CI 1.2–11.3) more potent topical corticosteroids and 12.4% (95% CI 6.5–18.0) more were treated for skin infections. Compared with patients with late-onset treatment, 18.9% (95% CI 7.5–29.0) more paediatric patients with early-onset treatment were still receiving treatment at 5 years of age, 15.7% (95% CI 7.1–23.4) more paediatric patients received potent topical corticosteroids and 44.4% (95% CI 36.5–51.2) more paediatric patients were treated for skin infections. CONCLUSION: Most paediatric patients were treated for a mild disease for a limited period. Although the prevalence of AD is higher at a younger age, these paediatric patients were the least likely to receive potent topical corticosteroids. Male sex and early-onset AD are associated with and are potential predictors of long-term treatment and treatment of potent topical corticosteroids, antihistamines and skin infections, which may have clinical utility for personalised prognosis, healthcare planning and future AD prevention trials. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-022-00754-6.