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Targeting Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer: EMT, Apoptosis, and Cancer Stem Cells

Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling process through which cellular homeostasis is achieved and maintained. With respect to cancer biology, autophagy acts as a double-edged sword supporting tumor cells during times of metabolic and therapeutic stress, while also inhibiting tumor development by...

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Autores principales: Holm, Tammy M., Yeo, Syn, Turner, Kevin M., Guan, Jun-Lin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9277179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35846375
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.821855
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author Holm, Tammy M.
Yeo, Syn
Turner, Kevin M.
Guan, Jun-Lin
author_facet Holm, Tammy M.
Yeo, Syn
Turner, Kevin M.
Guan, Jun-Lin
author_sort Holm, Tammy M.
collection PubMed
description Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling process through which cellular homeostasis is achieved and maintained. With respect to cancer biology, autophagy acts as a double-edged sword supporting tumor cells during times of metabolic and therapeutic stress, while also inhibiting tumor development by promoting genomic stability. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy plays a role in thyroid cancer, acting to promote tumor cell viability and metastatic disease through maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), supporting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and preventing tumor cell death. Intriguingly, well-differentiated thyroid cancer is more prevalent in women as compared to men, though the underlying molecular biology driving this disparity has not yet been elucidated. Several studies have demonstrated that autophagy inhibitors may augment the anti-cancer effects of known thyroid cancer therapies. Autophagy modulation has become an attractive target for improving outcomes in thyroid cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in thyroid cancer, focusing on the potential mechanism(s) through which inhibition of autophagy may enhance cancer therapy and outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-92771792022-07-14 Targeting Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer: EMT, Apoptosis, and Cancer Stem Cells Holm, Tammy M. Yeo, Syn Turner, Kevin M. Guan, Jun-Lin Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling process through which cellular homeostasis is achieved and maintained. With respect to cancer biology, autophagy acts as a double-edged sword supporting tumor cells during times of metabolic and therapeutic stress, while also inhibiting tumor development by promoting genomic stability. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy plays a role in thyroid cancer, acting to promote tumor cell viability and metastatic disease through maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), supporting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and preventing tumor cell death. Intriguingly, well-differentiated thyroid cancer is more prevalent in women as compared to men, though the underlying molecular biology driving this disparity has not yet been elucidated. Several studies have demonstrated that autophagy inhibitors may augment the anti-cancer effects of known thyroid cancer therapies. Autophagy modulation has become an attractive target for improving outcomes in thyroid cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in thyroid cancer, focusing on the potential mechanism(s) through which inhibition of autophagy may enhance cancer therapy and outcomes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9277179/ /pubmed/35846375 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.821855 Text en Copyright © 2022 Holm, Yeo, Turner and Guan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Holm, Tammy M.
Yeo, Syn
Turner, Kevin M.
Guan, Jun-Lin
Targeting Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer: EMT, Apoptosis, and Cancer Stem Cells
title Targeting Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer: EMT, Apoptosis, and Cancer Stem Cells
title_full Targeting Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer: EMT, Apoptosis, and Cancer Stem Cells
title_fullStr Targeting Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer: EMT, Apoptosis, and Cancer Stem Cells
title_full_unstemmed Targeting Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer: EMT, Apoptosis, and Cancer Stem Cells
title_short Targeting Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer: EMT, Apoptosis, and Cancer Stem Cells
title_sort targeting autophagy in thyroid cancer: emt, apoptosis, and cancer stem cells
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9277179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35846375
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.821855
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