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Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment with disease-transforming potential for allergic disorders. The immunological mechanisms associated with AIT can be divided along time in two phases: short-term, involving mast cell (MC) desensitization; and long-term, with a regulatory T cell (Treg...

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Autores principales: López-Sanz, Celia, Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo, Esteban, Vanesa, Delgado-Dolset, María Isabel, Perales-Chorda, Carolina, Villaseñor, Alma, Barber, Domingo, Escribese, María M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9278139/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35847161
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.898494
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author López-Sanz, Celia
Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo
Esteban, Vanesa
Delgado-Dolset, María Isabel
Perales-Chorda, Carolina
Villaseñor, Alma
Barber, Domingo
Escribese, María M.
author_facet López-Sanz, Celia
Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo
Esteban, Vanesa
Delgado-Dolset, María Isabel
Perales-Chorda, Carolina
Villaseñor, Alma
Barber, Domingo
Escribese, María M.
author_sort López-Sanz, Celia
collection PubMed
description Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment with disease-transforming potential for allergic disorders. The immunological mechanisms associated with AIT can be divided along time in two phases: short-term, involving mast cell (MC) desensitization; and long-term, with a regulatory T cell (Treg) response with significant reduction of eosinophilia. This regulatory response is induced in about 70% of patients and lasts up to 3 years after AIT cessation. MC desensitization is characteristic of the initial phase of AIT and it is often related to its success. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in allergen-specific MC desensitization, or the connection between MC desensitization and the development of a Treg arm, are poorly understood. The major AIT challenges are its long duration, the development of allergic reactions during AIT, and the lack of efficacy in a considerable proportion of patients. Therefore, reaching a better understanding of the immunology of AIT will help to tackle these short-comings and, particularly, to predict responder-patients. In this regard, omics strategies are empowering the identification of predictive and follow-up biomarkers in AIT. Here, we review the immunological mechanisms underlying AIT with a focus on MC desensitization and AIT-induced adverse reactions. Also, we discuss the identification of novel biomarkers with predictive potential that could improve the rational use of AIT.
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spelling pubmed-92781392022-07-14 Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy López-Sanz, Celia Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo Esteban, Vanesa Delgado-Dolset, María Isabel Perales-Chorda, Carolina Villaseñor, Alma Barber, Domingo Escribese, María M. Front Allergy Allergy Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment with disease-transforming potential for allergic disorders. The immunological mechanisms associated with AIT can be divided along time in two phases: short-term, involving mast cell (MC) desensitization; and long-term, with a regulatory T cell (Treg) response with significant reduction of eosinophilia. This regulatory response is induced in about 70% of patients and lasts up to 3 years after AIT cessation. MC desensitization is characteristic of the initial phase of AIT and it is often related to its success. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in allergen-specific MC desensitization, or the connection between MC desensitization and the development of a Treg arm, are poorly understood. The major AIT challenges are its long duration, the development of allergic reactions during AIT, and the lack of efficacy in a considerable proportion of patients. Therefore, reaching a better understanding of the immunology of AIT will help to tackle these short-comings and, particularly, to predict responder-patients. In this regard, omics strategies are empowering the identification of predictive and follow-up biomarkers in AIT. Here, we review the immunological mechanisms underlying AIT with a focus on MC desensitization and AIT-induced adverse reactions. Also, we discuss the identification of novel biomarkers with predictive potential that could improve the rational use of AIT. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9278139/ /pubmed/35847161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.898494 Text en Copyright © 2022 López-Sanz, Jiménez-Saiz, Esteban, Delgado-Dolset, Perales-Chorda, Villaseñor, Barber and Escribese. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Allergy
López-Sanz, Celia
Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo
Esteban, Vanesa
Delgado-Dolset, María Isabel
Perales-Chorda, Carolina
Villaseñor, Alma
Barber, Domingo
Escribese, María M.
Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy
title Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy
title_full Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy
title_fullStr Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy
title_short Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy
title_sort mast cell desensitization in allergen immunotherapy
topic Allergy
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9278139/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35847161
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.898494
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