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Explore with Me: Peer Observation Decreases Risk-Taking but Increases Exploration Tendencies across Adolescence
It has been assumed that adolescents increase risk-taking tendencies when peers are present but findings on experimental decision-making have been inconclusive. Most studies focus on risk-taking tendencies, ignoring the effects peer presence can exert over other cognitive processes involved in decis...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9279204/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35532833 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01608-2 |
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author | Lorenz, Corinna Kray, Jutta |
author_facet | Lorenz, Corinna Kray, Jutta |
author_sort | Lorenz, Corinna |
collection | PubMed |
description | It has been assumed that adolescents increase risk-taking tendencies when peers are present but findings on experimental decision-making have been inconclusive. Most studies focus on risk-taking tendencies, ignoring the effects peer presence can exert over other cognitive processes involved in decision-making, as well as any other underlying developmental and individual differences. In the present study, the trial-by-trial choice behavior was analyzed in a task in which adolescents adjust to dynamically changing risk probabilities. Using Bayesian modeling, the study aimed to infer about peer presence effects on risk-taking tendencies but also on reactions to, exploration of, and learning from positive and negative outcomes of risk-taking. 184 pre- to late adolescents (M = 14.09 years, min = 8.59, max = 18.97, SD = 2.95, 47% female) conducted the Balloon Analog Risk Task under two conditions: Once alone and once in the presence of a (non-existent) peer observing them virtually. Findings revealed that (a) peer observation reduced risk-taking but increased exploration tendencies and (b) that individual differences modulated this effect. Especially female pre-adolescents increased their openness to explore different choice outcomes when a peer observed their behavior. These results support the assumption that the occurrence and direction of peer influences on risk-taking depend on a person-environment interaction, emphasizing the dynamic role peers play in adolescent risk-taking. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9279204 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92792042022-07-15 Explore with Me: Peer Observation Decreases Risk-Taking but Increases Exploration Tendencies across Adolescence Lorenz, Corinna Kray, Jutta J Youth Adolesc Empirical Research It has been assumed that adolescents increase risk-taking tendencies when peers are present but findings on experimental decision-making have been inconclusive. Most studies focus on risk-taking tendencies, ignoring the effects peer presence can exert over other cognitive processes involved in decision-making, as well as any other underlying developmental and individual differences. In the present study, the trial-by-trial choice behavior was analyzed in a task in which adolescents adjust to dynamically changing risk probabilities. Using Bayesian modeling, the study aimed to infer about peer presence effects on risk-taking tendencies but also on reactions to, exploration of, and learning from positive and negative outcomes of risk-taking. 184 pre- to late adolescents (M = 14.09 years, min = 8.59, max = 18.97, SD = 2.95, 47% female) conducted the Balloon Analog Risk Task under two conditions: Once alone and once in the presence of a (non-existent) peer observing them virtually. Findings revealed that (a) peer observation reduced risk-taking but increased exploration tendencies and (b) that individual differences modulated this effect. Especially female pre-adolescents increased their openness to explore different choice outcomes when a peer observed their behavior. These results support the assumption that the occurrence and direction of peer influences on risk-taking depend on a person-environment interaction, emphasizing the dynamic role peers play in adolescent risk-taking. Springer US 2022-05-09 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9279204/ /pubmed/35532833 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01608-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Empirical Research Lorenz, Corinna Kray, Jutta Explore with Me: Peer Observation Decreases Risk-Taking but Increases Exploration Tendencies across Adolescence |
title | Explore with Me: Peer Observation Decreases Risk-Taking but Increases Exploration Tendencies across Adolescence |
title_full | Explore with Me: Peer Observation Decreases Risk-Taking but Increases Exploration Tendencies across Adolescence |
title_fullStr | Explore with Me: Peer Observation Decreases Risk-Taking but Increases Exploration Tendencies across Adolescence |
title_full_unstemmed | Explore with Me: Peer Observation Decreases Risk-Taking but Increases Exploration Tendencies across Adolescence |
title_short | Explore with Me: Peer Observation Decreases Risk-Taking but Increases Exploration Tendencies across Adolescence |
title_sort | explore with me: peer observation decreases risk-taking but increases exploration tendencies across adolescence |
topic | Empirical Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9279204/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35532833 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01608-2 |
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