Malignant Myoepithelioma of the Head and Neck: Demographics, Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis

Malignant myoepithelioma of the head and neck (HNMM) is a rare malignancy, and its characteristics and survival rates have not been well-defined. This study aimed to define the epidemiology of HNMM and identify the prognostic factors associated with the disease. Data on all patients diagnosed with HNMM between 1991 and 2016 were gathered from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and prognoses of the patients were described. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors, and the prognostic nomograms for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were constructed. A total of 333 cases of HNMM were identified. The average age at diagnosis was 60.6 years, and 50.1% of the patients were men. After diagnosis, 46.2% of patients underwent surgery alone, 43.5% of patients underwent surgery and radiotherapy, and 3.6% of patients received only radiotherapy. Survival analysis showed that the 5-year OS and DSS for all HNMM patients were 69.7 and 82.1%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis model, the undifferentiated pathological grade (P <0.05) and M1 in the M category (P <0.01) were independent prognostic factors for poor OS and DSS, whereas the use of surgical resection was an independent favorable prognostic factor for both OS and DSS (P <0.05). The prognostic nomograms for OS and DSS prediction were constructed; the C-index values for OS and DSS prediction were 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.86) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.67–0.90), respectively. In conclusion, this SEER data-based study demonstrated that HNMM patients often had a favorable prognosis, and distant metastasis, pathological grade, and the use of surgery contributed to their survival. Furthermore, we developed a prognostic nomogram to predict OS and DSS for HNMM patients to aid physicians in the clinical management of this rare disease.