Design and optimization of auditory prostheses using the finite element method: a narrative review

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: An auditory prosthesis refers to a device designed to restore hearing. Some parameters of the auditory prosthesis, such as mass, implanted position, and degree, need to be repeatedly designed and optimized based on the realistic geometry of the ear. Numerous auditory prostheses designs were based on animal or specimen experiments involving many complex instruments, and the experimental specimens had low repeatability. The finite element method (FEM) can overcome these disadvantages and be carried out on the computer with substantial flexibility in modifying the prosthetic parameters to optimize them. This narrative review aims to analyze the recent advances in the design and optimization of auditory prostheses using the FEM and provides suggestions for future development. METHODS: The literature on the design of auditory prostheses using the FEM has been extensively studied using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, including different ear models and relevant parameters of different auditory prostheses that need to be designed and optimized. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: The process of designing and optimizing a prosthesis using the FEM includes building an ear model and a prosthesis model to simulate the implantation process. The related parameters of the prosthesis can be designed and modified conveniently. The post-implantation response could be used as an indicator to evaluate the prosthesis’s performance. CONCLUSIONS: The review concluded that the FEM had been widely studied in designing and optimizing middle ear implants and cochlear implants and obtained good results. FEM can be utilized to explore more effective directions for auditory prosthesis design and optimization in the future.