Long-term Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adults After Mild Infection

IMPORTANCE: Understanding the long-term immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is crucial to optimize vaccination strategies. Although it is known that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may persist in adults 12 months after infection, data are limited in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE: To...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Di Chiara, Costanza, Cantarutti, Anna, Costenaro, Paola, Donà, Daniele, Bonfante, Francesco, Cosma, Chiara, Ferrarese, Martina, Cozzani, Sandra, Petrara, Maria Raffaella, Carmona, Francesco, Liberati, Cecilia, Palma, Paolo, Di Salvo, Giovanni, De Rossi, Anita, Plebani, Mario, Padoan, Andrea, Giaquinto, Carlo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Medical Association 2022
Materias:
Original Investigation
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9280400/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35816313
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21616
Descripción
Sumario:IMPORTANCE: Understanding the long-term immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is crucial to optimize vaccination strategies. Although it is known that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may persist in adults 12 months after infection, data are limited in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE: To examine long-term anti–SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) IgG kinetics in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this single-center, prospective cohort study, patients were enrolled consecutively from April 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021, at the COVID-19 Family Cluster Follow-up Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua. A cohort of 252 COVID-19 family clusters underwent serologic follow-up at 1 to 4, 5 to 10, and more than 10 months after infection with quantification of anti–S-RBD IgG by chemiluminescent immunoassay. EXPOSURES: SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: Among 902 study participants, 697 had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 351 children or older siblings (mean [SD] age, 8.6 [5.1] years) and 346 parents (mean [SD] age, 42.5 [7.1] years). Among 697 cases, 674 (96.7%) were asymptomatic or mild. Children had significantly higher S-RBD IgG titers than older patients across all follow-up time points, with an overall median S-RBD IgG titer in patients younger than 3 years 5-fold higher than adults (304.8 [IQR, 139.0-516.6] kBAU/L vs 55.6 [24.2-136.0] kBAU/L, P < .001). Longitudinal analysis of 56 study participants sampled at least twice during follow-up demonstrated the persistence of antibodies up to 10 months from infection in all age classes, despite a progressive decline over time. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study of Italian children and adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection different kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were found across several age classes of individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19, which could help in optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies and prevention policies. This work provides further evidence of sustained immune response in children up to 1 year after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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