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Relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: The case of Phytophthora and Australian Banksia (Proteaceae) in South African Fynbos
Fungal invasions only recently started to receive more attention in invasion biology. This is largely attributed to little or non‐existent information about these inconspicuous organisms. Most invasion hypotheses focus on factors that increase invasion success; few try to explain why invasions fail....
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9280440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35845384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9100 |
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author | Qongqo, Axola Nchu, Felix Geerts, Sjirk |
author_facet | Qongqo, Axola Nchu, Felix Geerts, Sjirk |
author_sort | Qongqo, Axola |
collection | PubMed |
description | Fungal invasions only recently started to receive more attention in invasion biology. This is largely attributed to little or non‐existent information about these inconspicuous organisms. Most invasion hypotheses focus on factors that increase invasion success; few try to explain why invasions fail. Here we hypothesize that a host–pathogen relationships can limit the invasiveness of an alien plant species in a novel range. To test this, we investigate whether the invasiveness of the Australian genus of Proteaceae, Banksia, in South Africa is determined by the alien and major invasive phytopathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi. The presence of P. cinnamomi in Banksia root and soil was evaluated using morphological and molecular techniques. Isolates were cultured onto selective media and polymerize chain reactions and internal transcribing spacers were used for identification. Acetone leaf extracts of 11 Banksia spp. were screened for antimicrobial activity against P. cinnamomi, using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay. A total of 3840 Banksia individuals from seven localities were surveyed. Phytophthora cinnamomi was consistently isolated from Banksia species root and soil samples. Out of the 12 Banksia species that were screened for antimicrobial activity, four introduced species, B. burdettii, B. coccinea, Banksia hookeriana, and B. prionotes and the invasive B. integrifolia and B. ericifolia exhibited relatively high antimicrobial activity against P. cinnamomi (strain 696/12). We show that the phytopathogen in the native range has similar impact in the novel range and in doing so may limit invasion success of Banksia species with low antimicrobial activity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9280440 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92804402022-07-15 Relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: The case of Phytophthora and Australian Banksia (Proteaceae) in South African Fynbos Qongqo, Axola Nchu, Felix Geerts, Sjirk Ecol Evol Research Articles Fungal invasions only recently started to receive more attention in invasion biology. This is largely attributed to little or non‐existent information about these inconspicuous organisms. Most invasion hypotheses focus on factors that increase invasion success; few try to explain why invasions fail. Here we hypothesize that a host–pathogen relationships can limit the invasiveness of an alien plant species in a novel range. To test this, we investigate whether the invasiveness of the Australian genus of Proteaceae, Banksia, in South Africa is determined by the alien and major invasive phytopathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi. The presence of P. cinnamomi in Banksia root and soil was evaluated using morphological and molecular techniques. Isolates were cultured onto selective media and polymerize chain reactions and internal transcribing spacers were used for identification. Acetone leaf extracts of 11 Banksia spp. were screened for antimicrobial activity against P. cinnamomi, using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay. A total of 3840 Banksia individuals from seven localities were surveyed. Phytophthora cinnamomi was consistently isolated from Banksia species root and soil samples. Out of the 12 Banksia species that were screened for antimicrobial activity, four introduced species, B. burdettii, B. coccinea, Banksia hookeriana, and B. prionotes and the invasive B. integrifolia and B. ericifolia exhibited relatively high antimicrobial activity against P. cinnamomi (strain 696/12). We show that the phytopathogen in the native range has similar impact in the novel range and in doing so may limit invasion success of Banksia species with low antimicrobial activity. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9280440/ /pubmed/35845384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9100 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Qongqo, Axola Nchu, Felix Geerts, Sjirk Relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: The case of Phytophthora and Australian Banksia (Proteaceae) in South African Fynbos |
title | Relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: The case of Phytophthora and Australian Banksia (Proteaceae) in South African Fynbos |
title_full | Relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: The case of Phytophthora and Australian Banksia (Proteaceae) in South African Fynbos |
title_fullStr | Relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: The case of Phytophthora and Australian Banksia (Proteaceae) in South African Fynbos |
title_full_unstemmed | Relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: The case of Phytophthora and Australian Banksia (Proteaceae) in South African Fynbos |
title_short | Relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: The case of Phytophthora and Australian Banksia (Proteaceae) in South African Fynbos |
title_sort | relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: the case of phytophthora and australian banksia (proteaceae) in south african fynbos |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9280440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35845384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9100 |
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