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The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution

The circadian molecular machinery is a fine timekeeper with the capacity to harmonize physiological and behavioral processes with the external environment. This tight-knit regulation is coordinated by multiple cellular clocks across the body. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular m...

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Autores principales: Fagiani, Francesca, Baronchelli, Eva, Pittaluga, Anna, Pedrini, Edoardo, Scacchi, Chiara, Govoni, Stefano, Lanni, Cristina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9283971/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35845604
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2022.937174
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author Fagiani, Francesca
Baronchelli, Eva
Pittaluga, Anna
Pedrini, Edoardo
Scacchi, Chiara
Govoni, Stefano
Lanni, Cristina
author_facet Fagiani, Francesca
Baronchelli, Eva
Pittaluga, Anna
Pedrini, Edoardo
Scacchi, Chiara
Govoni, Stefano
Lanni, Cristina
author_sort Fagiani, Francesca
collection PubMed
description The circadian molecular machinery is a fine timekeeper with the capacity to harmonize physiological and behavioral processes with the external environment. This tight-knit regulation is coordinated by multiple cellular clocks across the body. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms regulated by the clock in different brain areas and within different cells of the central nervous system. Further, we discuss evidence regarding the role of circadian rhythms in the regulation of neuronal activity and neurotransmitter systems. Not only neurons, but also astrocytes and microglia actively participate in the maintenance of timekeeping within the brain, and the diffusion of circadian information among these cells is fine-tuned by neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid), thus impacting on the core clock machinery. The bidirectional interplay between neurotransmitters and the circadian clockwork is fundamental in maintaining accuracy and precision in daily timekeeping throughout different brain areas. Deepening the knowledge of these correlations allows us to define the basis of drug interventions to restore circadian rhythms, as well as to predict the onset of drug treatment/side effects that might promote daily desynchronization. Furthermore, it may lead to a deeper understanding of the potential impacts of modulations in rhythmic activities on the pace of aging and provide an insight in to the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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spelling pubmed-92839712022-07-16 The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution Fagiani, Francesca Baronchelli, Eva Pittaluga, Anna Pedrini, Edoardo Scacchi, Chiara Govoni, Stefano Lanni, Cristina Front Mol Neurosci Molecular Neuroscience The circadian molecular machinery is a fine timekeeper with the capacity to harmonize physiological and behavioral processes with the external environment. This tight-knit regulation is coordinated by multiple cellular clocks across the body. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms regulated by the clock in different brain areas and within different cells of the central nervous system. Further, we discuss evidence regarding the role of circadian rhythms in the regulation of neuronal activity and neurotransmitter systems. Not only neurons, but also astrocytes and microglia actively participate in the maintenance of timekeeping within the brain, and the diffusion of circadian information among these cells is fine-tuned by neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid), thus impacting on the core clock machinery. The bidirectional interplay between neurotransmitters and the circadian clockwork is fundamental in maintaining accuracy and precision in daily timekeeping throughout different brain areas. Deepening the knowledge of these correlations allows us to define the basis of drug interventions to restore circadian rhythms, as well as to predict the onset of drug treatment/side effects that might promote daily desynchronization. Furthermore, it may lead to a deeper understanding of the potential impacts of modulations in rhythmic activities on the pace of aging and provide an insight in to the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9283971/ /pubmed/35845604 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2022.937174 Text en Copyright © 2022 Fagiani, Baronchelli, Pittaluga, Pedrini, Scacchi, Govoni and Lanni. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Molecular Neuroscience
Fagiani, Francesca
Baronchelli, Eva
Pittaluga, Anna
Pedrini, Edoardo
Scacchi, Chiara
Govoni, Stefano
Lanni, Cristina
The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution
title The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution
title_full The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution
title_fullStr The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution
title_full_unstemmed The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution
title_short The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution
title_sort circadian molecular machinery in cns cells: a fine tuner of neuronal and glial activity with space/time resolution
topic Molecular Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9283971/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35845604
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2022.937174
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