Ovarian small cell carcinoma by ovarian torsion feature: A cytopathology challenging case

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Ovarian small cell carcinomas are a rare type of ovarian cancer that is highly aggressive and consists of two distinct types the hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) and pulmonary type (SCCOPT). CASE PRESENTATION: A 23 years old girl was admitted to the emergency room with the presentation of acute abdomen. The ultrasound and Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right adnexal huge mass with adnexal torsion. In laparotomy, she underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy due to ovarian torsion and possible malignancy. The histopathological evaluation was challenging and was finalized by a team of pathologists as hypercalcemic small cell carcinoma. She refused reoperation and unfortunately relapsed during chemotherapy and died 6 months after the initial diagnosis. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Conclusion: We do not yet have comprehensive information on small cell ovarian cancer. Cytopathology diagnosis is still challenging and the treatments are not usually effective. Further clinical trials and studies are recommended to find appropriate treatments for these patients.