Toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis mimicking cytomegalovirus retinitis in an immunocompromised pediatric patient following bone marrow transplantation

OBJECTIVE: To review a case of toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis mimicking cytomegalovirus retinitis in an immunocompromised patient following bone marrow transplantation. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of a 14-year-old female who had a history of leukemia and allogeneic bone marrow transplants prior to her ocular symptoms. RESULTS: Anterior chamber fluid analysis was positive for Toxoplasma gondii. The patient responded well when cytomegalovirus retinitis treatment was switched to intravitreal clindamycin with systemic sulfadiazine and prednisone. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the challenges of diagnosing and treating retinal infections in immunocompromised patients as they may present with atypical findings that mimic other pathologies and may have contraindications against standard treatment.