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Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients
BACKGROUND: Malaria related mortality is associated with significant deregulation of host inflammatory factors such as interferon-inducible protein 10, a member of the CXC or α-subfamily (CXCL10), and host angiogenic factors such as angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2). However, detecti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9284857/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35836234 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04221-7 |
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author | Lekpor, Cecilia Elorm Botchway, Felix Kusi, Kwadwo Asamoah Adjei, Andrew A. Wilson, Michael D. Stiles, Jonathan K. Wilson, Nana O. |
author_facet | Lekpor, Cecilia Elorm Botchway, Felix Kusi, Kwadwo Asamoah Adjei, Andrew A. Wilson, Michael D. Stiles, Jonathan K. Wilson, Nana O. |
author_sort | Lekpor, Cecilia Elorm |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Malaria related mortality is associated with significant deregulation of host inflammatory factors such as interferon-inducible protein 10, a member of the CXC or α-subfamily (CXCL10), and host angiogenic factors such as angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2). However, detection of these factors in malaria patients requires the drawing of blood, which is invasive and increases the risk of accidental blood-borne infections. There has been an increased interest in the use of saliva as the body fluid of choice for the diagnosis of many infectious diseases including malaria. Here, saliva levels of CXCL10, Ang-1, and Ang-2 previously shown to be predictive of severe malaria in malaria patients in Ghana were assessed in malaria patients. METHODS: This study was conducted in the Shai-Osudoku District Hospital in Dodowa, Accra, Ghana and the study population comprised 119 malaria patients and 94 non-malaria subjects. The non-malaria subjects are healthy community participants with no malaria infection. Plasma and saliva levels of CXCL10, Ang-1 and Ang-2 of the study participants were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Complete blood counts of each participant were measured with a haematology autoanalyzer. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between plasma and saliva levels of each biomarker in malaria patients. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Box plots of median biomarker concentrations were plotted. SPSS version 14.2 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The non-malaria subjects had a median age of 29 years compared to 23 years for malaria patients (p = 0.001). Among the malaria patients, there was a strong significant relationship between CXCL10 (R(2) = 0.7, p < 0.0001) and Ang-1 (R(2) = 0.7, p < 0.0001). Malaria patients had lower saliva levels of Ang-1 (p = 0.009) and higher saliva levels of CXCL10 (p = 0.004) and Ang-2 (p = 0.001) compared to non-malaria subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of elevated levels of CXCL10 and Ang-2 in the saliva of malaria patients. Detection of CXCL10, Ang-1 and Ang-2 in saliva may have a potential application for non-invasive malaria diagnosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9284857 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92848572022-07-16 Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients Lekpor, Cecilia Elorm Botchway, Felix Kusi, Kwadwo Asamoah Adjei, Andrew A. Wilson, Michael D. Stiles, Jonathan K. Wilson, Nana O. Malar J Research BACKGROUND: Malaria related mortality is associated with significant deregulation of host inflammatory factors such as interferon-inducible protein 10, a member of the CXC or α-subfamily (CXCL10), and host angiogenic factors such as angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2). However, detection of these factors in malaria patients requires the drawing of blood, which is invasive and increases the risk of accidental blood-borne infections. There has been an increased interest in the use of saliva as the body fluid of choice for the diagnosis of many infectious diseases including malaria. Here, saliva levels of CXCL10, Ang-1, and Ang-2 previously shown to be predictive of severe malaria in malaria patients in Ghana were assessed in malaria patients. METHODS: This study was conducted in the Shai-Osudoku District Hospital in Dodowa, Accra, Ghana and the study population comprised 119 malaria patients and 94 non-malaria subjects. The non-malaria subjects are healthy community participants with no malaria infection. Plasma and saliva levels of CXCL10, Ang-1 and Ang-2 of the study participants were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Complete blood counts of each participant were measured with a haematology autoanalyzer. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between plasma and saliva levels of each biomarker in malaria patients. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Box plots of median biomarker concentrations were plotted. SPSS version 14.2 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The non-malaria subjects had a median age of 29 years compared to 23 years for malaria patients (p = 0.001). Among the malaria patients, there was a strong significant relationship between CXCL10 (R(2) = 0.7, p < 0.0001) and Ang-1 (R(2) = 0.7, p < 0.0001). Malaria patients had lower saliva levels of Ang-1 (p = 0.009) and higher saliva levels of CXCL10 (p = 0.004) and Ang-2 (p = 0.001) compared to non-malaria subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of elevated levels of CXCL10 and Ang-2 in the saliva of malaria patients. Detection of CXCL10, Ang-1 and Ang-2 in saliva may have a potential application for non-invasive malaria diagnosis. BioMed Central 2022-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9284857/ /pubmed/35836234 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04221-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Lekpor, Cecilia Elorm Botchway, Felix Kusi, Kwadwo Asamoah Adjei, Andrew A. Wilson, Michael D. Stiles, Jonathan K. Wilson, Nana O. Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients |
title | Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients |
title_full | Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients |
title_fullStr | Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients |
title_short | Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients |
title_sort | angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9284857/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35836234 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04221-7 |
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