Relation of endothelial and cardiac autonomic function with left ventricle diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Aim of this study was to investigate whether endothelial and/or autonomic dysfunction are associated with LV diastolic dysfunction in DM patients. METHODS: We studied 84 non‐insulin‐dependent type 2 DM (T2DM) patients with no heart disease by assessing: 1) LV diastolic function by echocardiography; 2) peripheral vasodilator function, by measuring flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and nitrate‐mediate dilation (NMD); 3) heart rate variability (HRV) on 24‐h Holter electrocardiographic monitoring. RESULTS: Twenty‐five patients (29.8%) had normal LV diastolic function, while 47 (55.9%) and 12 (14.3%) showed a mild and moderate/severe diastolic dysfunction, respectively. FMD in these 3 groups was 5.25 ± 2.0, 4.95 ± 1.6 and 4.43 ± 1.8% (p = 0.42), whereas NMD was 10.8 ± 2.3, 8.98 ± 3.0 and 8.82 ± 3.2%, respectively (p = 0.02). HRV variables did not differ among groups. However, the triangular index tended to be lower in patients with moderate/severe diastolic dysfunction (p = 0.09) and a significant correlation was found between the E/e’ ratio and both the triangular index (r = −0.26; p = 0.022) and LF amplitude (r = −0.29; p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: In T2DM patients an impairment of endothelium‐independent, but not endothelium‐dependent, dilatation seems associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. The possible role of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in diastolic dysfunction deserves investigation in larger populations of patients.