MicroRNAs as the promising markers of comorbidities in childhood obesity—A systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Rising child obesity rate creates a need for tools quantifying changes in children suffering from obesity, for purposes of detection or prevention of comorbidities. A candidate for such a role seems to be microRNAs, which in vivo serve as the suppressing factors in gene expression. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at reviewing recent discoveries in this field and concluding directions of research or application of studied molecules. METHODS: Repeated browsing of databases and screening of results, led to final approval of 16 articles. Filtered studies examined differences in microRNA expression between subjects with obesity and children suffering from its comorbidities. RESULTS: Studies concerning endothelial dysfunction identified molecules miR‐320a and miR‐630 as a possible diagnosis and treatment option. Search for the alternative markers in diagnosis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease suggested value of molecules: miR‐199a‐5p and miR‐122. miR‐486, miR‐146b, and miR‐15b may serve in grading the development of type 2 diabetes in children, although further research raised doubts. Panel of molecules was indicated as useful in early detection of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance associated alterations. No valid link between studied microRNAs and atherosclerosis was found. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNAs seem to be promising prognostic markers for diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children.