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Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole
The amount of ice versus supercooled water in clouds is important for their radiative properties and role in climate feedbacks. Hence, knowledge of the concentration of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) is needed. Generally, the concentrations of INPs are found to be very low in remote marine location...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9285974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865411 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 |
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author | Porter, Grace C. E. Adams, Michael P. Brooks, Ian M. Ickes, Luisa Karlsson, Linn Leck, Caroline Salter, Matthew E. Schmale, Julia Siegel, Karolina Sikora, Sebastien N. F. Tarn, Mark D. Vüllers, Jutta Wernli, Heini Zieger, Paul Zinke, Julika Murray, Benjamin J. |
author_facet | Porter, Grace C. E. Adams, Michael P. Brooks, Ian M. Ickes, Luisa Karlsson, Linn Leck, Caroline Salter, Matthew E. Schmale, Julia Siegel, Karolina Sikora, Sebastien N. F. Tarn, Mark D. Vüllers, Jutta Wernli, Heini Zieger, Paul Zinke, Julika Murray, Benjamin J. |
author_sort | Porter, Grace C. E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The amount of ice versus supercooled water in clouds is important for their radiative properties and role in climate feedbacks. Hence, knowledge of the concentration of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) is needed. Generally, the concentrations of INPs are found to be very low in remote marine locations allowing cloud water to persist in a supercooled state. We had expected the concentrations of INPs at the North Pole to be very low given the distance from open ocean and terrestrial sources coupled with effective wet scavenging processes. Here we show that during summer 2018 (August and September) high concentrations of biological INPs (active at >−20°C) were sporadically present at the North Pole. In fact, INP concentrations were sometimes as high as those recorded at mid‐latitude locations strongly impacted by highly active biological INPs, in strong contrast to the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, using a balloon borne sampler we demonstrated that INP concentrations were often different at the surface versus higher in the boundary layer where clouds form. Back trajectory analysis suggests strong sources of INPs near the Russian coast, possibly associated with wind‐driven sea spray production, whereas the pack ice, open leads, and the marginal ice zone were not sources of highly active INPs. These findings suggest that primary ice production, and therefore Arctic climate, is sensitive to transport from locations such as the Russian coast that are already experiencing marked climate change. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9285974 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92859742022-07-19 Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole Porter, Grace C. E. Adams, Michael P. Brooks, Ian M. Ickes, Luisa Karlsson, Linn Leck, Caroline Salter, Matthew E. Schmale, Julia Siegel, Karolina Sikora, Sebastien N. F. Tarn, Mark D. Vüllers, Jutta Wernli, Heini Zieger, Paul Zinke, Julika Murray, Benjamin J. J Geophys Res Atmos Research Article The amount of ice versus supercooled water in clouds is important for their radiative properties and role in climate feedbacks. Hence, knowledge of the concentration of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) is needed. Generally, the concentrations of INPs are found to be very low in remote marine locations allowing cloud water to persist in a supercooled state. We had expected the concentrations of INPs at the North Pole to be very low given the distance from open ocean and terrestrial sources coupled with effective wet scavenging processes. Here we show that during summer 2018 (August and September) high concentrations of biological INPs (active at >−20°C) were sporadically present at the North Pole. In fact, INP concentrations were sometimes as high as those recorded at mid‐latitude locations strongly impacted by highly active biological INPs, in strong contrast to the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, using a balloon borne sampler we demonstrated that INP concentrations were often different at the surface versus higher in the boundary layer where clouds form. Back trajectory analysis suggests strong sources of INPs near the Russian coast, possibly associated with wind‐driven sea spray production, whereas the pack ice, open leads, and the marginal ice zone were not sources of highly active INPs. These findings suggest that primary ice production, and therefore Arctic climate, is sensitive to transport from locations such as the Russian coast that are already experiencing marked climate change. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-03-17 2022-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9285974/ /pubmed/35865411 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 Text en © 2022. The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Porter, Grace C. E. Adams, Michael P. Brooks, Ian M. Ickes, Luisa Karlsson, Linn Leck, Caroline Salter, Matthew E. Schmale, Julia Siegel, Karolina Sikora, Sebastien N. F. Tarn, Mark D. Vüllers, Jutta Wernli, Heini Zieger, Paul Zinke, Julika Murray, Benjamin J. Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title | Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_full | Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_fullStr | Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_full_unstemmed | Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_short | Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole |
title_sort | highly active ice‐nucleating particles at the summer north pole |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9285974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865411 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059 |
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