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N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine

OBJECTIVE: Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and specific psychoneuroendocrine immune system pathologies. The article assesses potential ayahuasca and N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT...

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Autores principales: James, Edward, Keppler, Joachim, L Robertshaw, Thomas, Sessa, Ben
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9286861/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35175662
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.2835
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author James, Edward
Keppler, Joachim
L Robertshaw, Thomas
Sessa, Ben
author_facet James, Edward
Keppler, Joachim
L Robertshaw, Thomas
Sessa, Ben
author_sort James, Edward
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and specific psychoneuroendocrine immune system pathologies. The article assesses potential ayahuasca and N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) integration with contemporary healthcare. The review also seeks to provide a summary of selected literature regarding the mechanisms of action of DMT and ayahuasca; and assess to what extent the state of research can explain reports of unusual phenomenology. DESIGN: A narrative review. RESULTS: Compounds in ayahuasca have been found to bind to serotonergic receptors, glutaminergic receptors, sigma‐1 receptors, trace amine‐associated receptors, and modulate BDNF expression and the dopaminergic system. Subjective effects are associated with increased delta and theta oscillations in amygdala and hippocampal regions, decreased alpha wave activity in the default mode network, and stimulations of vision‐related brain regions particularly in the visual association cortex. Both biological processes and field of consciousness models have been proposed to explain subjective effects of DMT and ayahuasca, however, the evidence supporting the proposed models is not sufficient to make confident conclusions. Ayahuasca plant medicine and DMT represent potentially novel treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms of action and develop treatments which can be made available to the general public. Integration between healthcare research institutions and reputable practitioners in the Amazon is recommended.
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spelling pubmed-92868612022-07-19 N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine James, Edward Keppler, Joachim L Robertshaw, Thomas Sessa, Ben Hum Psychopharmacol Review Articles OBJECTIVE: Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and specific psychoneuroendocrine immune system pathologies. The article assesses potential ayahuasca and N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) integration with contemporary healthcare. The review also seeks to provide a summary of selected literature regarding the mechanisms of action of DMT and ayahuasca; and assess to what extent the state of research can explain reports of unusual phenomenology. DESIGN: A narrative review. RESULTS: Compounds in ayahuasca have been found to bind to serotonergic receptors, glutaminergic receptors, sigma‐1 receptors, trace amine‐associated receptors, and modulate BDNF expression and the dopaminergic system. Subjective effects are associated with increased delta and theta oscillations in amygdala and hippocampal regions, decreased alpha wave activity in the default mode network, and stimulations of vision‐related brain regions particularly in the visual association cortex. Both biological processes and field of consciousness models have been proposed to explain subjective effects of DMT and ayahuasca, however, the evidence supporting the proposed models is not sufficient to make confident conclusions. Ayahuasca plant medicine and DMT represent potentially novel treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms of action and develop treatments which can be made available to the general public. Integration between healthcare research institutions and reputable practitioners in the Amazon is recommended. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-02-17 2022-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9286861/ /pubmed/35175662 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.2835 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Review Articles
James, Edward
Keppler, Joachim
L Robertshaw, Thomas
Sessa, Ben
N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
title N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
title_full N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
title_fullStr N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
title_full_unstemmed N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
title_short N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
title_sort n,n‐dimethyltryptamine and amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
topic Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9286861/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35175662
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.2835
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